Table 1. Reproductive-Aged Women in Medicaid Study Population Before and After MEC, by Age, State of Residence, and Health Condition.
| Variable | State Population Before MEC, 2008–2009, N = 442,424 | State Population After MEC, 2011–2012, N = 533,619 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall population, N | 12,422,899 | 13,597,612 |
| Study populationa | 437,018 (3.5) | 527,660 (3.9) |
| Ageb, y | ||
| 15–24 | 69,050 (15.8) | 87,797 (16.6) |
| 25–34 | 134,267 (30.7) | 200,909 (38.1) |
| 35–44 | 233,701 (53.5) | 352,833 (66.9) |
| Stateb | ||
| Alabama | 16,312 (3.7) | 18,721 (3.5) |
| Arkansas | 10,310 (2.3) | 11,750 (2.2) |
| California | 84,653 (19.1) | 96,830 (18.1) |
| Florida | 41,298 (9.3) | 54,755 (10.3) |
| Georgia | 31,543 (7.1) | 32,481 (6.1) |
| Louisiana | 23,031 (5.2) | 25,568 (4.8) |
| Minnesota | 11,389 (2.6) | 16,844 (3.2) |
| Mississippi | 17,284 (3.9) | 18,888 (3.5) |
| New York | 70,602 (16.0) | 97,243 (18.2) |
| North Carolina | 40,180 (9.1) | 41,878 (7.8) |
| Pennsylvania | 10,374 (2.3) | 18,615 (3.5) |
| South Carolina | 15,134 (3.4) | 20,439 (3.8) |
| Tennessee | 32,329 (7.3) | 34,784 (6.5) |
| Texas | 37,985 (8.6) | 44,823 (8.4) |
| Medical conditionsc | ||
| Bariatric surgery | 5,158 (1.0) | 6,726 (1.1) |
| Breast cancer | 11,072 (2.1) | 13,016 (2.1) |
| Diabetes | 159,042 (30.4) | 190,648 (30.1) |
| Endometrial and ovarian cancer | 2,259 (0.4) | 2,557 (0.4) |
| Epilepsy | 43,213 (8.3) | 55,666 (8.8) |
| Malignant gestational trophoblastic disease | 118 (0.0) | 123 (0.0) |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 23,865 (4.6) | 22,894 (3.6) |
| Hypertension | 207,286 (39.7) | 259,571 (40.9) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 12,357 (2.4) | 13,577 (2.1) |
| Liver cancer | 273 (0.1) | 342 (0.1) |
| Lupus | 15,750 (3.0) | 20,014 (3.2) |
| Schistosomiasis | 120 (0.0) | —d |
| Solid organ transplant | 588 (0.1) | 578 (0.1) |
| Peripartum cardiomyopathy | 2,817 (0.5) | 3,024 (0.5) |
| Sickle cell disease | 8,395 (1.6) | 9,564 (1.5) |
| Severe cirrhosis | 6,626 (1.3) | 9,451 (1.5) |
| Stroke | 8,090 (1.5) | 9,612 (1.5) |
| Thrombogenic heart disease | 4,944 (0.9) | 5,645 (0.9) |
| Tuberculosis | 2,938 (0.6) | 2,469 (0.4) |
| Valvular heart disease | 7,645 (1.5) | 8,630 (1.4) |
Values are number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Percentage is the study population (women with a high-risk condition) relative to the overall population. Denominators of percentages vary because some women had more than one disorder.
The Southeastern states were chosen as a focal point because of their similarity to each other in contraception health policy (12) and spending levels for Medicaid (13). In addition, the health rankings of these states are among the lowest in the country (14). The other 4 states chosen (California, Minnesota, New York, and Pennsylvania) were highly populous states from regions of the country that have various health policies and reimbursement levels that represent differences across the United States.
Percentage is stratification group relative to sum of women in that strata. The sum of all categories in the stratification group may be greater than the total study population; women can belong to more than 1 category in the same stratification. Medical conditions totals used are 522,556 and 634,107, before and after MEC phases respectively. Medical conditions are the 20 disorders identified in the 2010 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use that increase risk for adverse outcomes in pregnancy (1).
Total population was fewer than 11. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data use agreement does not allow publication of results when study population (eg, patients) is fewer than 11 participants.