Table 2.

Mid-childhood CpG sites associated with BMI z-score in mid-childhood and with cardio-metabolic risk score in early adolescence.

EWAS	chr	CpG	Change in M-value	FDR	Bonferroni	Gene symbol	Gene region	Relation to Island
BMIz – DNAma	5	cg11412418	0.18	5.0e-2	0.20			N_Shore
	6	cg09571082	0.18	1.5e-2	1.5e-2			OpenSea
	7	cg17298543	0.11	3.4e-2	0.10	GNAI1	Body	OpenSea
	10	cg24618739	−0.16	3.2e-2	6.4e-2	PRTFDC1	Body	OpenSea
DNAm – cardio-metabolic risk scoreb	11	cg17086579	−0.37	4.6e-2	4.6e-2	PITPNM1	Body	S_Shelf

Abbreviation: false discovery rate (FDR); Body mass index (BMI); BMI z-score (BMIz); DNA methylation (DNAm).

^a Adjusted for child sex, maternal education (college graduate), maternal smoking during pregnancy (never, former, during pregnancy), age at blood draw for DNA methylation, and cell type proportions. Batch effect from plate was adjusted in ComBat. BMIz was included in ComBat model to protect regression variability;

^b Adjusted for child sex, maternal education (college graduate), maternal smoking during pregnancy (never, former, during pregnancy), age at the early adolescence visit, age at blood draw for DNA methylation, and cell type proportions. Batch effect from plate was adjusted in ComBat.