Table 5.
Association of individual fried food consumption with cancer mortality among 106 966 postmenopausal women. Data are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) unless indicated otherwise
| Fried food items | Frequency of consumption | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | <2 servings/month | 2-3 servings/month | ≥1 serving/week | ||
| Fried chicken: | |||||
| No of deaths/participants | 5345/68 709 | 1721/21 980 | 794/10 268 | 498/6009 | — |
| Age adjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.12) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.17) | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.07) | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) | 0.84 |
| Multivariable model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.98 (0.90 to 1.06) | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) | 0.99 |
| Fried fish/shellfish: | |||||
| No of deaths/participants | 4735/60 169 | 1837/24 958 | 1082/13 489 | 704/8350 | — |
| Age adjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.01) | 1.07 (0.99 to 1.14) | 1.13 (1.05 to 1.23) | 0.004 |
| Multivariable model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.15) | 0.70 |
| Multivariable model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.87 to 0.97) | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.06) | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.14) | 0.80 |
| Other fried foods: | |||||
| No of deaths/participants | 1588/20 484 | 1859/22 699 | 1528/19 468 | 3373/44 315 | — |
| Age adjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.20) | <0.001 |
| Multivariable model 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) | 0.94 |
| Multivariable model 2 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17) | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.11) | 0.95 |
Multivariable model 1=age at baseline, race/ethnicity, education, annual income, whether they were from the observational study or the clinical trial, unopposed estrogen use, estrogen+progesterone use, smoking status, physical activity, coffee intake, total energy intake, diet quality score, baseline diabetes status, baseline cardiovascular status, and baseline cancer status; multivariable model 2=multivariable model 1+body mass index; ref=reference.