Table 1:
Participant Characteristics, n =986
| All Participants n= 986 |
English-speakers n= 541 |
Spanish-speakers n= 445 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Characteristics* | AD-only | PREPARE | AD-only | PREPARE | AD-only | PREPARE |
| n=505 | n=481 | n=279 | n=262 | n=226 | n=219 | |
| Age, mean (SD)† | 63 (6.3) | 63 (6.4) | 62 (5.4) | 63 (6.1) | 64 (7.2) | 64 (6.8) |
| Women, No. (%) | 314 (62.2) | 289 (60.1) | 151 (54.1) | 132 (50.4) | 163 (72.1) | 157 (71.7) |
| Race/Ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||
| White, Latino/Hispanic | 248 (49.1) | 251 (52.2) | 24 (8.6) | 35 (13.4) | 224 (99.1) | 216 (98.6) |
| White, non-Latino/Hispanic | 104 (20.6) | 85 (17.7) | 104 (37.3) | 84 (32.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (.5) |
| African American | 92 (18.2) | 86 (17.9) | 92 (33.0) | 86 (32.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 34 (6.7) | 44 (9.1) | 34 (12.2) | 44 (16.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Multi-ethnic/Other | 27 (5.4) | 15 (3.1) | 25 (8.9) | 13 (4.9) | 2 (.9) | 2 (.9) |
| United States Acculturation | ||||||
| Place of Birth, No. (%) | ||||||
| United States | 219 (43.3) | 193 (40.2) | 216 (77.4) | 192 (73.6) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.5) |
| South America | 17 (3.4) | 13 (2.7) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 13 (5.7) | 10 (4.6) |
| Central America | 161 (31.9) | 154 (32.1) | 9 (3.2) | 7 (2.7) | 152 (67.3) | 147 (67.1) |
| North American Latino Countries | 63 (12.5) | 67 (14.0) | 5 (1.8) | 6 (2.3) | 58 (25.7) | 61 (27.8) |
| Other | 45 (8.9) | 53 (11.0) | 45 (16.1) | 53 (20.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| If born outside US, years in the US, mean (SD) | 27 (13.3) | 27 (13.3) | 32 (16.5) | 33 (16.5) | 26 (11.9) | 26 (11.7) |
| Education ≤ high school, No. (%) | 287 (56.8) | 289 (60.1) | 102 (36.6) | 102 (38.9) | 185 (81.9) | 187 (85.4) |
| Limited Health Literacy, No. (%) | 202 (40.3) | 185 (39.0) | 60 (21.7) | 56 (21.7) | 142 (63.1) | 129 (59.7) |
| Patient-Clinician Language Discordance: No. (%) | 86 (41.2) | 65 (32.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 86 (41.2) | 65 (32.2) |
| Finances, not enough to make ends meet, No. (%) | 124 (25.0) | 119 (25.1) | 65 (23.8) | 56 (21.5) | 59 (26.5) | 63 (29.4) |
| Financial social standing 1-10 score, mean (SD) | 6.1 (7.7) | 6.0 (6.9) | 6.4 (7.3) | 6.6 (9.1) | 5.8 (8.1) | 5.3 (2.3) |
| Religious, fairly to extremely, No. (%) | 267 (53.4) | 245 (51.6) | 150 (54.6) | 140 (54.3) | 117 (52.0) | 105 (48.4) |
| Spiritual, fairly to extremely, No. (%) | 332 (66.3) | 296 (62.1) | 190 (68.8) | 173 (66.8) | 142 (63.1) | 123 (56.4) |
| Social Support | ||||||
| Measure of Social Support score 11-55, mean (SD) | 38.3 (11.7) | 37.9 (11.8) | 39.8 (10.6) | 38.6 (11.2) | 36.5 (12.7) | 37.0 (12.4) |
| In a married/long term relationship, No. (%) | 179 (35.5) | 166 (34.7) | 98 (35.1) | 80 (30.7) | 81 (35.8) | 86 (39.5) |
| Have adult children, No. (%) | 374 (74.2) | 362 (75.4) | 173 (62.2) | 168 (64.4) | 201 (88.9) | 194 (88.6) |
| Have a potential surrogate, No. (%) | 482 (95.5) | 463 (96.5) | 263 (94.3) | 246 (93.9) | 219 (96.9) | 217 (99.5) |
| Health and Functional Status | ||||||
| Self-Rated Health, fair-to-poor, No. (%) | 249 (49.4) | 255 (53.2) | 122 (43.9) | 128 (49.0) | 127 (56.2) | 127 (58.3) |
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Difficulty score 0-16, mean (SD) | 2.7 (3.8) | 2.6 (3.5) | 2.9 (3.9) | 2.8 (3.6) | 2.5 (3.6) | 2.4 (3.4) |
| Activities of Daily Living Difficulty score 0-12, mean (SD) | 1.8 (2.2) | 1.7 (2.1) | 1.8 (2.2) | 1.8 (2.4) | 1.9 (2.2) | 1.6 (1.8) |
| Depression, moderate-to-severe, No. (%)† | 64 (12.7) | 60 (12.5) | 35 (12.5) | 33 (12.6) | 29 (13.0) | 27 (12.3) |
| Anxiety, moderate-to-severe, No. (%)† | 61 (12.1) | 42 (8.7) | 35 (12.5) | 21 (8.0) | 26 (11.5) | 21 (9.6) |
| Desired Role in Decision Making | ||||||
| Low Decision Control Preference (i.e., doctors make all medical decisions), No. (%) | 44 (8.8) | 52 (11.0) | 11 (4.0) | 19 (7.4) | 33 (14.8) | 33 (15.3) |
| Internet Access | ||||||
| Access to the internet in the home, No. (%) | 265 (52.6) | 228 (47.5) | 187 (67.3) | 171 (65.3) | 78 (34.5) | 57 (26.1) |
| Prior planning activities | ||||||
| Completed a will, No. (%) | 57 (11.4) | 71 (14.8) | 37 (13.3) | 51 (19.5) | 20 (8.9) | 20 (9.2) |
| Made funeral arrangements, No. (%) | 118 (23.7) | 114 (23.8) | 62 (22.6) | 60 (23.1) | 56 (25.1) | 54 (24.7) |
| Any Prior ACP documentation*, No. (%) | 148 (29.3) | 121 (25.2) | 84 (30.1) | 77 (29.4) | 64 (28.3)§ | 44 (20.1)§ |
| Legal forms | 89 (17.6) | 79 (16.4) | 45 (16.1) | 50 (19.1) | 44 (19.5) | 29 (13.2) |
| Documented discussions about ACP | 81 (16.0) | 64 (13.3) | 52 (18.6) | 43 (16.4) | 29 (12.8) | 21 (9.6) |
| Baseline ACP documentation rate 12-months before intervention exposure, No. (%) | 58 (11.5) | 41 (8.5) | 36 (12.9) | 28 (10.7) | 22 (9.7) | 13 (5.9) |
All variables are defined including reliability, validity, response options, scoring, and references in the online protocol and the published protocol.21 Results are presented as means with standard deviations (SD) and as numbers (No.) and percent (%).
Depression is measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (scores 0-24) and anxiety is measured with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder screening measure (scores 0-21). Moderate-to-severe depression or anxiety are defined by scores on both assessments of greater than 10.21
Any Prior ACP documentation includes any prior legal forms (i.e., advance directives, Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare, and Physicians Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment) and documented ACP discussions in the past 5 years (i.e., oral directives or goals of care notes by clinicians)._ENREF_2121
There were no significant between-group differences for any patient characteristic overall and for English- or Spanish-speakers (P<0.05), except for any previous ACP documentation among Spanish-speakers, p =0.04.