Table 1.
Classes of NAD+ boosting molecules and known effects in humans
| Mechanism of Action | Pharmacological Agent | Health Outcomes Observ | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAD+ Precursors | Niacin (NA) | ↓ TC and LDL in dyslipidemia ↓ Serum phosphate after kidney injury ↑ GFR after kidney injury ↓ Risk of myocardial infarct ↓ Risk of stroke ↓ Risk of CVD mortality ↑ Recovery from schizophrenia ↓ Rate of cognitive decline in AD ↓ Rate of metastases/relapse in breast cancer ↑ HDL-C in sickle cell disease |
(Abram Hoffer, 2008; Garg et al., 2017; Morris et al., 2004; Phelan et al., 2017; Premkumar et al., 2007; Rennie et al., 2015; Scoffone et al., 2013) |
| NR | ↑ NAD+ in blood (dose-dependent) No Adverse effects |
(Trammell et al., 2016a) | |
| NAM | |||
| NaR | |||
| NaMN | |||
| NAAD | |||
| NMN | |||
| IHN | |||
| CD38 Inhibitors | Quercetin | ↓ LDL in CVD ↓ Blood pressure ↓ BMI ↓ Waist circumference ↓ Triglycerides |
(Dower et al., 2015; Katske et al., 2001; Lee et al., 2016a; Menezes et al., 2017; Pfeuffer et al., 2013) |
| Luteolin | ↓ Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF ↑ Adaptive functioning in autism |
(Tsilioni et al., 2015) | |
| Apigenin | |||
| 78c | |||
| Luteolinidin | |||
| Kuromanin | |||
| PARP Inhibitors | BGB-290, Olaparib, Rucaparib, Veliparib, CEP-9722, E7016, Talazoparib, Iniparib | ↓ Tumor size, metastases, and relapse in breast and ovarian cancer | (Brown et al., 2016; Evans and Matulonis, 2017) |
| Niraparib (MK – 4827) | |||
| PJ34 | |||
| DPQ | |||
| 3-aminobenzamide | |||
| SARM Inhibitors | XAV939 | ||
| NAMPT Activators | P7C3 |