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. 2019 Jan 22;17(1):e2006552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006552

Table 1. Maternal blood gas, acid-base, and metabolic status.

Values are mean ± SEM for the maternal arterial pH, PaCO2, PaO2, Sat Hb, HCO3−, and [Hb], measured at baseline (102 until 105 dGA) and at set intervals during the experimental period (106 until 138 dGA). Groups are normoxia, hypoxia, hypoxia with vitamin C, and normoxia with vitamin C. N = 19 for all groups. Significant (P < 0.05) differences are *versus normoxia, †H versus HC, ‡ versus baseline, and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with posthoc Tukey test.

    Baseline Hypoxia/Normoxia ± Vitamin C
    102 dGA 105 dGA 106 dGA 110 dGA 115 dGA 120 dGA 125 dGA 130 dGA 135 dGA
pH Normoxia 7.50 ± 0.02 7.50 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.48 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01
Hypoxia 7.50 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.54 ± 0.01*‡ 7.51 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01
Hypoxia with vitamin C 7.50 ± 0.01 7.52 ± 0.01 7.54 ± 0.01*‡ 7.52 ± 0.01 7.52 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01
Normoxia with vitamin C 7.49 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.51 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01 7.50 ± 0.01 7.49 ± 0.01
PaCO2 (mmHg) Normoxia 32.5 ± 0.7 34.4 ± 0.9 35.8 ± 0.7 35.2 ± 0.8 37.0 ± 1.3 38.0 ± 1.4 36.7 ± 1.3 38.1 ± 1.5 38.1 ± 1.0
Hypoxia 32.8 ± 0.7 33.7 ± 0.7 27.9 ± 0.6*‡ 28.0 ± 0.6*‡ 29.6 ± 0.8*‡ 29.6 ± 0.8*‡ 30.4 ± 1.7*‡ 30.2 ± 0.8*‡ 29.8 ± 0.9*‡
Hypoxia with vitamin C 33 ± 1.0 33.1 ± 0.7 29.4 ± 0.8*‡ 29.0 ± 0.8*‡ 30.5 ± 1.2*‡ 30.2 ± 0.9*‡ 30.4 ± 0.8*‡ 30.1 ± 0.7*‡ 30.9 ± 0.8*‡
Normoxia with vitamin C 33.3 ± 1.0 35.8 ± 0.8 36.6 ± 0.8 37.1 ± 0.8 36.1 ± 0.6 37.6 ± 0.8 37.6 ± 0.7 37.3 ± 0.9 38.1 ± 0.9
PaO2 (mmHg) Normoxia 103.7 ± 5.1 101.8 ± 3.9 101.0 ± 2.3 107.3 ± 3.1 108.1 ± 1.9 105.9 ± 3.0 109.7 ± 4.8 102.1 ± 2.3 101.7 ± 2.9
Hypoxia 108.9 ± 3.2 105.6 ± 3.0 51.7 ± 2.0*‡ 48.6 ± 2.2*‡ 46.2 ± 1.6*‡ 47.0 ± 1.5*‡ 46.4 ± 1.4*‡ 46.8 ± 1.6*‡ 45.2 ± 1.8*‡
Hypoxia with vitamin C 108.2 ± 3.9 107.5 ± 3.7 51.1 ± 2.7*‡ 47.9 ± 1.8*‡ 45.5 ± 1.6*‡ 44.8 ± 1.4*‡ 44.4 ± 1.5*‡ 44.7 ± 1.8*‡ 44.6 ± 1.8*‡
Normoxia with vitamin C 109.0 ± 5.0 102 ± 2.7 99.1 ± 2.1 103.4 ± 1.4 105.5 ± 3.4 101.7 ± 2.6 106.6 ± 3.0 106.0 ± 2.3 102.3 ± 2.0
Sat Hb (%) Normoxia 102.8 ± 1.1 103.1 ± 0.5 103.0 ± 0.5 103.7 ± 0.6 103.7 ± 0.5 104.6 ± 0.5 103.9 ± 0.5 104.4 ± 0.7 103.9 ± 0.6
Hypoxia 103.3 ± 0.4 101.4 ± 2.5 85.7 ± 2.0*‡ 81.7 ± 2.2*‡ 80.2 ± 2.2*‡ 80.3 ± 2.4*‡ 79.3 ± 3.1*‡ 81.0 ± 1.9*‡ 78.6 ± 2.7*‡
Hypoxia with vitamin C 102.3 ± 1.2 103.3 ± 0.4 83.4 ± 1.9*‡ 80.5 ± 2.3*‡ 75.2 ± 2.3*†‡ 75.4 ± 2.5*‡ 73.2 ± 2.5*†‡ 74.3 ± 3.1*†‡ 74.0 ± 3.2*†‡
Normoxia with vitamin C 102.9 ± 0.6 103.4 ± 0.6 102.8 ± 0.7 103.7 ± 0.3 103.6 ± 0.6 104.0 ± 0.5 104.3 ± 0.4 104.5 ± 0.4 103.9 ± 0.5
HCO3− (mmol/L) Normoxia 25.2 ± 1.0 26.7 ± 0.8 27.6 ± 0.6 27.0 ± 0.7 27.9 ± 0.8 28.1 ± 0.6 27.2 ± 0.7 28.5 ± 0.7‡ 28.9 ± 0.6‡
Hypoxia 25.4 ± 0.9 25.6 ± 0.7 23.6 ± 0.5* 22.3 ± 0.5*‡ 23.3 ± 0.6*‡ 23.3 ± 0.5*‡ 23.8 ± 1.1*‡ 23.6 ± 0.6*‡ 23.7 ± 0.9*
Hypoxia with vitamin C 25.7 ± 1.0 26.7 ± 0.7 24.8 ± 0.5* 23.3 ± 0.6*‡ 23.9 ± 0.8*‡ 23.6 ± 0.4*‡ 23.5 ± 0.5*‡ 24.0 ± 0.5*‡ 24.0 ± 0.6*
Normoxia with vitamin C 25.8 ± 1.0 27.2 ± 0.7 27.3 ± 0.5 27.8 ± 0.5 27.7 ± 0.7 29.8 ± 0.8‡ 28.2 ± 0.7 28.4 ± 0.7‡ 28.4 ± 1.0
[Hb] (g/dL) Normoxia 11.7 ± 0.3 11.2 ± 0.3 11.0 ± 0.3 10.3 ± 0.3‡ 9.5 ± 0.3‡ 9.9 ± 0.4‡ 10.1 ± 0.4‡ 9.9 ± 0.3‡ 9.7 ± 0.3‡
Hypoxia 12.5 ± 0.3 11.8 ± 0.3 11.9 ± 0.3 11.5 ± 0.3* 11.7 ± 0.2* 11.9 ± 0.3* 12.2 ± 0.3* 12.5 ± 0.3* 12.7 ± 0.3*
Hypoxia with vitamin C 12.2 ± 0.5 11.9 ± 0.3 12.0 ± 0.2 11.5 ± 0.3* 11.8 ± 0.2* 12.2 ± 0.2* 12.5 ± 0.2* 12.7 ± 0.2* 13.1 ± 0.3*‡
  Normoxia with vitamin C 11.1 ± 0.4 11.1 ± 0.2 10.8 ± 0.2 9.8 ± 0.3‡ 9.7 ± 0.3‡ 10.0 ± 0.3‡ 10.1 ± 0.4‡ 10.2 ± 0.4‡ 10.3 ± 0.4‡

Abbreviations: dGA, days of gestation; [Hb], hemoglobin concentration; HCO3−, bicarbonate; PaCO2, arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2, arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen; Sat Hb, arterial blood percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.