Table 1:

Clinical characteristics of study subjects in the discovery sample (TS GWAS 2) and target sample (ALSPAC).

	Cases			Controls
Phenotype	N	N Male	% Male	N	N Male	% Male
TS GWAS 2	14,307
TS	4,819	3627	75	9,488	4073	43
ALSPAC	8,941
Tics intermediatea	101	74	73	4,712	2,325	49
Tics broada	612	395	65	4,201	2,004	48
Tics alla	1,043	641	61	3,770	1,758	47
ALSPAC	N	N Male	% Male	Mean	SD	Observed range
Chronicity scoreb	4,813	2,399	50	0.45	1.06	0-9
OCD symptom severityc	6,006	3,085	51	0.45	1.15	0-16
ADHD symptom severityd	6,046	3,096	51	4.88	6.75	0-36
ASD symptom severitye	6,019	3,088	51	2.82	3.71	0-24

TS, Tourette syndrome; GWAS, genome-wide association study (Yu et al., in prep); ALSPAC, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (11,12); OCD, Obsessive-compulsive disorder; ADHD, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ASD, autism spectrum disorder.

^aThe presence of tics was defined by three different categorizations: “Tics intermediate” (approximating the ‘TS/chronic tic disorder (CT) intermediate’ by Scharf et al. (16)), which included individuals that experienced motor and/or vocal tics at least once a week at age 13 years and experienced at least one tic symptom between the ages of 1.5 and 10 years; “Tics broad” (approximating the ‘TS/CT broad’ by Scharf et al. (16)), which included individuals that have experienced motor and/or vocal tics occurring at least once a week at age 13; and “Tics all”, which included individuals that reported at least one positive answer to the tic screening question between the ages 1.5 and 13.

^bThe chronicity score is the sum of the number of times tics were present up to age 10.7 plus the number of different tic symptoms at 13.8 years (11,12).

^cWorst ever OCD symptom severity based on the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA; (18)) at age 7 and at age 13 years using 10 items.

^dBased on the DAWBA (18) using 18 items.

^eBased on the Social Communication Disorder Checklist (SCDC; (22)) using 12 items.