Table 2. Bacterial and Viral Pathogen Identification according to GOLD Stage.
| All events (n=736) | GOLD I (n=57) | GOLD II (n=281) | GOLD III (n=307) | GOLD IV (n=91) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Only bacterial identification | 200 (27.2) | 11 (19.3) | 68 (24.2) | 91 (29.6) | 30 (33.0) | 0.020 |
| Only viral identification | 159 (21.6) | 16 (28.1) | 68 (24.2) | 60 (19.5) | 15 (16.5) | 0.031 |
| Bacterial-viral co-identification | 107 (14.5) | 4 (7.0) | 37 (13.2) | 53 (17.3) | 13 (14.3) | 0.112 |
| No identification | 270 (36.7) | 26 (45.6) | 108 (38.4) | 103 (33.6) | 33 (36.3) | 0.141 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 96 (13.0) | 4 (7.0) | 29 (10.3) | 47 (15.3) | 16 (17.6) | 0.011 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 84 (11.4) | 3 (5.3) | 29 (10.3) | 38 (12.4) | 14 (15.4) | 0.048 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 39 (5.3) | 5 (8.8) | 15 (5.3) | 17 (5.5) | 2 (2.2) | 0.158 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 35 (4.8) | 1 (1.8) | 16 (5.7) | 10 (3.3) | 8 (8.8) | 0.333 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 20 (2.7) | 1 (1.8) | 10 (3.6) | 8 (2.6)1 | 1 (1.1) | 0.509 |
| Influenza virus | 91 (12.4) | 8 (14.0) | 42 (14.9) | 32 (10.4) | 9 (9.9) | 0.112 |
| Rhinovirus | 69 (9.4) | 5 (8.8) | 21 (7.5) | 35 (11.4) | 8 (8.8) | 0.387 |
| Parainfluenza virus | 38 (5.2) | 2 (3.5) | 13 (4.6) | 15 (4.9) | 8 (8.8) | 0.165 |
| Metapneumovirus | 36 (4.9) | 3 (5.3) | 14 (5.0) | 15 (4.9) | 4 (4.4) | 0.832 |
GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.
Data are presented as n (%).