Table 3. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors for Pneumothorax.
| P | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age ≥ 60 years (vs. < 60 years) | < 0.001* | 1.284 (1.145–1.440) |
| Male (vs. female) | 0.029* | 1.178 (1.017–1.366) |
| Smoking (vs. non-smoker) | 0.050 | 1.155 (1.000–1.333) |
| Guiding modality (vs. fluoroscopy) | ||
| CT | < 0.001* | 2.752 (2.325–3.258) |
| CT fluoroscopy | < 0.001* | 1.440 (1.176–1.762) |
| Cone-beam CT | < 0.001* | 2.906 (2.235–3.779) |
| Ultrasonography | 0.003* | 0.170 (0.053–0.547) |
| Lobe (vs. right upper lobe) | ||
| Right middle lobe | < 0.001* | 1.446 (1.192–1.754) |
| Right lower lobe | 0.561 | 1.041 (0.908–1.194) |
| Left upper lobe | 0.992 | 1.001 (0.875–1.145) |
| Left lower lobe | 0.917 | 1.008 (0.867–1.172) |
| Nodule of 2 cm or less (vs. > 2 cm) | < 0.001* | 1.604 (1.442–1.784) |
| Subsolid composition (vs. solid) | 0.001* | 1.411 (1.151–1.730) |
| Emphysema | < 0.001* | 1.548 (1.372–1.747) |
| Distance from pleura (vs. ≤ 2 cm) | ||
| 2–4 cm | < 0.001* | 1.805 (1.617–2.015) |
| > 4 cm | < 0.001* | 2.518 (2.189–2.896) |
| Core biopsy (vs. FNA) | 0.660 | 1.072 (0.786–1.463) |
| Needle gauze (vs. 22 G) | ||
| 19–20 G | 0.648 | 1.085 (0.763–1.544) |
| 17–18 G | 0.549 | 0.895 (0.623–1.286) |
| Number of pleural passage (vs. 1) | ||
| 2 | < 0.001* | 1.784 (1.498–2.126) |
| ≥ 3 | < 0.001* | 3.153 (2.502–3.974) |
*Statistical significance below 0.05. CI = confidence interval, FNA = fine-needle aspiration, OR = odds ratio