Fig. 4.

Dipstick assay for live Salmonella strains alone and in the mixture using M180 membrane. Test line: 0.3 μg per strip Salmonella Ab. Control line: 0.6 μg per strip antigoat IgG. Overnight cultures were applied to the strips. The strips were dipped into 200 μL of total bacteria with PBS. The bacteria were used in 100 μL volume when they were used singly. The strips 2–4–6–8–10–12–14–16–19–21 were prepared by naked 1 GNPs as shown in Table 1. D. soil: Dry soil bacteria, Bac: B. cereus, S. ent: S. enteritidis, S. typ: S. typhimurium