Table 1.
Drying methods | Impregnation time (min) | Water activity | Moisture | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impregnation pressure (mbar) | Impregnation pressure (mbar) | ||||||
50 | 150 | 300 | 50 | 150 | 300 | ||
Vacuum drying | |||||||
5 | 0.9774 ± 0.0075aA | 0.9809 ± 0.0203aA | 0.9736 ± 0.0374aA | 75.69 ± 0.34aA | 77.57 ± 0.48aB | 76.01 ± 0.72aA | |
Impregnated | 10 | 0.9811 ± 0.0035aA | 0.9752 ± 0.0205aA | 0.9824 ± 0.0349bA | 77.35 ± 1.01bA | 77.26 ± 0.26aA | 78.5 ± 1.58bA |
15 | 0.9773 ± 0.0345aA | 0.9785 ± 0.0114aA | 0.9714 ± 0.0162aA | 78.73 ± 0.65bA | 76.53 ± 1.01aB | 77 ± 1.21abAB | |
5 | 0.6441 ± 0.0075aA | 0.6182 ± 0.0203aA | 0.6523 ± 0.0374aA | 22.19 ± 0.88bA | 22.57 ± 0.82abA | 22.63 ± 0.75aA | |
Dehydrated | 10 | 0.6511 ± 0.0035aA | 0.6390 ± 0.0205aA | 0.6349 ± 0.0349aA | 20.32 ± 0.84aA | 22.73 ± 0.74bB | 21.5 ± 0.42aAB |
15 | 0.6550 ± 0.0345aA | 0.6455 ± 0.0114aA | 0.6683 ± 0.0162aA | 22.39 ± 0.36bA | 21.17 ± 0.6aB | 21.94 ± 0.58aAB | |
Convective drying | |||||||
5 | 0.9851 ± 0.0003cA | 0.9766 ± 0.0013aB | 0.9813 ± 0.0018bA | 73.79 ± 0.23aA | 76.46 ± 0.84aB | 76.92 ± 1.12aB | |
Impregnated | 10 | 0.9769 ± 0.0001aA | 0.9800 ± 0.0033aA | 0.9748 ± 0.0026aA | 75.22 ± 0.23bA | 77.6 ± 0.53aB | 75.76 ± 0.25aA |
15 | 0.9809 ± 0.0000bA | 0.9742 ± 0.0016aB | 0.9789 ± 0.0002abB | 73.27 ± 0.50aA | 75.87 ± 0.12aB | 77.2 ± 0.70aA | |
5 | 0.5819 ± 0.0016bA | 0.5038 ± 0.0026aC | 0.5340 ± 0.0018bB | 18.52 ± 0.83cA | 15.85 ± 0.55aB | 17.98 ± 0.19aA | |
Dehydrated | 10 | 0.5434 ± 0.0048aA | 0.5031 ± 0.0022aB | 0.5453 ± 0.0002cA | 13.45 ± 0.05aA | 18.12 ± 0.43bB | 16.72 ± 0.90aB |
15 | 0.5738 ± 0.0031bA | 0.5303 ± 0.0020bB | 0.5155 ± 0.0016aC | 16.66 ± 0.54bA | 18.63 ± 0.37bB | 18.47 ± 0.33aB |
Lowercase letters (a, b and c) show the effect of impregnation time at constant pressure
Uppercase letters (A, B and C) show the effect of impregnation pressure at constant time