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. 2018 Oct 25;47(2):453–463. doi: 10.1007/s10439-018-02144-6

Table 1.

Average force (N) and average non-parametric fracture risk of the nasal, right zygoma, right maxilla, and right frontal bone for each mask at each impact location.

Mask Impact location Nasal Right zygoma Right maxilla Right frontal
Force Risk Force Risk Force Risk Force Risk
All-Star M 291.70 0.21 38.41 0.00 917.80 0.34 562.73 0.00
Z 89.37 0.00 1204.75 0.75 104.03 0.00 1005.25 0.05
Bangerz M 413.55 0.28 102.72 0.00 2659.12 1.00 765.9 0.00
Z 130.79 0.05 2952.91 1.00 308.47 0.00 2295.52 0.50
Champro M 46.21 0.00 46.08 0.00 70.19 0.00 528.69 0.00
Z 58.87 0.00 762.88 0.59 81.15 0.00 663.4 0.00
Defender Sports M 282.75 0.21 470.19 0.00 441.27 0.06 311.95 0.00
Z 155.69 0.09 2333.18 0.95 134.06 0.00 2748.77 0.64
Markwort Large M 121.65 0.05 449.2 0.00 558.81 0.13 1535.16 0.25
Z 110.98 0.05 2624.08 0.95 166.4 0.00 2020.77 0.50
Markwort Medium M 91.43 0.00 193.8 0.00 742.80 0.26 1054.44 0.13
Z 135.56 0.05 2784.31 0.95 168.18 0.00 2421.61 0.53
Rawlings M 68.08 0.00 98.41 0.00 115.57 0.00 1690.50 0.30
Z 141.33 0.05 2395.93 0.95 166.33 0.00 2017.52 0.50
Schutt Steel M 77.34 0.00 44.86 0.00 97.03 0.00 893.1 0.05
Z 83.37 0.00 788.37 0.59 101.22 0.00 1064.86 0.13
Schutt Titanium M 87.23 0.00 50.52 0.00 124.54 0.00 1104.96 0.13
Z 118.62 0.05 1357.32 0.87 125.01 0.00 1691.55 0.30

The Bangerz mask sustained the highest fracture risk value for the right maxilla during a maxilla impact (M) and zygoma impacts (Z) yielded the highest fracture risk value for the right zygoma across all masks. The left maxilla, left zygoma, and left frontal bones produced zero fracture risk and the mandible had relatively low fracture risks. Location M is a maxilla impact and location Z is a zygoma impact