Table 3.
Associations of serum glutamine, histidine and phenylalanine levels with clinicopathological characteristics
| Glutamine | Histidine | Phenylalanine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| µmol/L, mean (SD) | p value | µmol/L, mean (SD) | p value | µmol/L, mean (SD) | p value | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 490.9 (84.2) | 0.597 | 59.1 (10.3) | 0.005 | 84.6 (15.2) | 0.920 |
| Female | 485.8 (90.4) | 55.8 (10.7) | 84.8 (21.5) | |||
| Age | ||||||
| < 65 years | 475.6 (90.5) | 0.039 | 59.5 (11.3) | 0.014 | 83.0 (16.7) | 0.202 |
| ≥ 65 years | 496.0 (84.3) | 56.5 (10.1) | 85.6 (19.2) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| < 20 | 511.8 (89.9) | 0.797 | 54.8 (8.8) | 0.758 | 76.5 (14.3) | 0.241 |
| 20–25 | 484.3 (96.3) | 57.9 (10.8) | 84.9 (16.3) | |||
| 25–30 | 491.3 (78.6) | 57.7 (9.7) | 84.1 (18.6) | |||
| 30–35 | 494.6 (92.7) | 59.0 (12.5) | 88.8 (24.3) | |||
| ≥ 35 | 482.0 (80.7) | 58.1 (10.1) | 84.3 (12.5) | |||
| Tumour location | ||||||
| Proximal | 488.3 (95.1) | 0.923 | 55.8 (10.4) | 0.082 | 86.4 (20.6) | 0.374 |
| Distal | 497.0 (95.2) | 58.3 (12.3) | 84.6 (16.3) | |||
| Rectum | 488.3 (75.3) | 58.4 (9.4) | 82.8 (13.1) | |||
| Preoperative RT/CRT in rectal cancers | ||||||
| No | 497.4 (75.2) | 0.077 | 57.8 (10.6) | 0.192 | 82.6 (15.0) | 0.616 |
| Yes | 475.4 (74.6) | 59.9 (8.9) | 83.8 (12.6) | |||
| TNM stage | ||||||
| Stage I | 510.3 (86.7) | 0.002 | 59.2 (8.9) | 0.001 | 83.8 (22.1) | 0.031 |
| Stage II | 479.4 (86.4) | 56.6 (10.9) | 83.1 (13.5) | |||
| Stage III | 503.0 (74.1) | 60.0 (9.8) | 84.7 (13.8) | |||
| Stage IV | 453.8 (100.7) | 52.7 (9.4) | 88.9 (20.4) | |||
| Depth of invasion | ||||||
| T1 | 519.7 (115.9) | 0.023 | 59.2 (8.2) | 0.022 | 80.2 (14.6) | 0.252 |
| T2 | 513.1 (76.3) | 60.2 (9.3) | 82.9 (21.2) | |||
| T3 | 481.8 (84.3) | 56.9 (10.5) | 84.8 (14.5) | |||
| T4 | 480.5 (103.2) | 55.2 (9.9) | 89.5 (20.0) | |||
| Nodal metastasis | ||||||
| N0 | 490.3 (88.8) | 0.432 | 57.3 (10.4) | 0.418 | 83.2 (17.6) | 0.096 |
| N1 | 500.7 (80.5) | 58.7 (10.3) | 85.3 (15.7) | |||
| N2 | 475.8 (85.0) | 57.1 (9.2) | 87.4 (14.9) | |||
| Distant metastasis | ||||||
| M0 | 495.9 (82.9) | 0.009 | 58.4 (10.1) | 0.005 | 83.8 (16.1) | 0.040 |
| M1 | 453.8 (100.7) | 52.7 (9.4) | 88.9 (20.4) | |||
| Lymphatic invasion | ||||||
| No | 489.7 (85.7) | 0.842 | 57.8 (9.7) | 0.778 | 84.0 (18.4) | 0.454 |
| Yes | 487.8 (89.4) | 57.5 (11.1) | 85.5 (18.4) | |||
| Blood vessel invasion | ||||||
| No | 492.3 (85.4) | 0.096 | 58.0 (10.0) | 0.134 | 83.5 (17.0) | 0.027 |
| Yes | 470.3 (95.2) | 55.7 (11.9) | 91.0 (23.5) | |||
| WHO grade 1–3 | ||||||
| Grade 1 | 511.0 (79.3) | 0.013 | 58.1 (11.1) | 0.089 | 84.4 (22.0) | 0.660 |
| Grade 2 | 488.7 (81.5) | 58.0 (9.8) | 84.0 (15.0) | |||
| Grade 3 | 462.8 (112.9) | 54.6 (11.1) | 87.1 (14.4) | |||
| MMR screening status | ||||||
| MMR deficient | 497.2 (112.0) | 0.530 | 55.2 (12.2) | 0.113 | 86.8 (27.6) | 0.465 |
| MMR proficient | 487.7 (83.4) | 58.0 (10.2) | 84.4 (16.9) | |||
| BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry | ||||||
| Negative | 488.7 (86.9) | 0.782 | 57.8 (10.6) | 0.307 | 83.9 (16.9) | 0.025 |
| Positive | 484.2 (90.1) | 55.7 (11.1) | 91.7 (28.8) | |||
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, RT/CRT radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, MMR mismatch repair. Significant p values are marked in bold.