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. 2019 Jan 22;9:434. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Diagram of the steps of protein immobilization and measurement used here. First, antibodies against IL-6 are immobilized, then PEG is added as a blocker for nonspecific binding, then measurements are performed with IL-6. (b) Change in current and (c) change in slope for 23 different sensors during immobilization process. Shading is used to delineate steps: 1: calibration in MES buffer, 2: COOH activation by EDC/sNHS incubation (see methods) in MES buffer, 3: wash in MES, 4: antibody incubation in PBS, 5: PEG incubation in PBS, 6: quench in ethanolamine, 7: wash in PBS buffer.