Figure 1.
Evaluation of brain edema caused by influenza associated encephalopathy (IAE) model using Evans blue administration. (a) Time course schematic of the murine IAE model. Four days after influenza virus (IAV) intranasal inoculation (3 × 105 pfu), mice were intravenously administered 40 mg/kg LPS. Eight hours after LPS administration, the mice were analysed. In some experiments, Evans blue was intravenously injected into mice 2 h before analysis. b) Macroscopic appearance of the brains from the (i) control, (ii) Flu, (iii) LPS, and (iv) IAE (Flu + LPS) groups. (c) Ratios of the concentration of extracted Evans blue dye from the brains of various groups to those from control mice. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (control, n = 7; Flu, n = 8; LPS, n = 12; Flu + LPS, n = 8) and are from a representative experiment of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.