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. 2019 Jan 22;9:276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36746-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fabrication procedure for graphene FET device. (a) Graphene exfoliated on 285nmSiO₂/Si substrate using scotch tape technique where SiO₂ forms the back gate dielectric; (b) the graphene was electrically contacted by thermally evaporating 5/50 nm Cr/Au after electron beam lithography; (c) chl-Abs were immobilized onto graphene by carbodiimide activation that helps in the binding of the antibodies by covalent bonding; (d) Blocking was done with BSA in Phosphate Buffer, pH 7.4; (e) biosensing was performed by adding chl-Ag to the micro-device; (e) for measuring the response, a constant current circuit was used where V_s is the applied source voltage and R_L is the current limiting resistance; and (f) the signal was measured by monitoring the resistance as a function of time for different concentrations of antigens.