The cpr0195-encoded protein affects early steps in sporulation. WT SM101, SM101-CPR0195KO, and SM101-CPR1055KO were each transformed with a pJIR750 shuttle plasmid containing the gusA gene under the control of the promoter for the spoIIA operon encoding SigF, which is an early sporulation-associated sigma factor necessary for production of SigE, SigG, and SigK (16). Supernatants from overnight MDS cultures of each strain were harvested, the substrate 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucuronide was added for 30 min at 37°C, and absorbance was read at 405 nm, and Miller unit values were calculated and plotted. Shown are the mean results from three repetitions of this experiment. Error bars show standard errors. The asterisks (*) indicate P values of <0.05 relative to SM101(pJIR750-PsigF-gusA).