Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and cardiac imaging parameters in AC women grouped by number of pregnancies
| 0 pregnancies (n = 19) | 1 pregnancy (n = 16) | 2 pregnancies (n = 30) | ≥3 pregnancies (n = 12) | P-value from F-test | >0 pregnancies (n = 58) | P-value 0 pregnancies vs. >0 pregnancies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 4.3 | 0.25 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | 0.47 |
| Age at examination (years) | 36 ± 18 | 48 ± 16a | 51 ± 13a | 55 ± 13a | <0.01 | 52 ± 13 | <0.01 |
| Age at arrhythmic event (years) | 35 ± 17 | 48 ± 16a | 48 ± 13a | 54 ± 13a | 0.02 | 49 ± 14 | <0.01 |
| Probands | 9 (47) | 5 (31) | 17 (57) | 4 (33) | 0.33 | 25 (43) | 0.50 |
| AC severity score | 4.3 ± 2.8 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 4.7 ± 2.8 | 4.3 ± 2.3 | 0.53 | 4.2 ± 2.4 | 0.83 |
| Definite AC by TFC | 11 (58) | 6 (38) | 19 (63) | 8 (66) | 0.36 | 33 (57) | 0.58 |
| Syncope | 8 (42) | 2 (13) | 11 (37) | 2 (17) | 0.17 | 15 (26) | 0.16 |
| VA | 9 (47) | 4 (25) | 15 (50) | 3 (25) | 0.25 | 22 (38) | 0.34 |
| ICD | 6 (32) | 2 (13) | 11 (37) | 4 (33) | 0.38 | 16 (28) | 0.50 |
| ICD discharge | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 6 (20) | 3 (25) | 0.36 | 10 (17) | 0.16 |
| ATP | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 5 (17) | 2 (17) | 0.97 | 8 (14) | 0.05 |
| TWI major criteria | 7 (37) | 5 (31) | 10 (33) | 4 (33) | 0.99 | 19 (33) | 0.74 |
| Epsilon waves | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.37 | 4 (7) | 0.64 |
| SAEG pathological | 4 (21) | 6 (38) | 10 (33) | 2 (17) | 0.54 | 18 (31) | 0.27 |
| Echocardiographic findings | |||||||
| RVOT PLAX (mm/m2) | 19 ± 5 | 18 ± 2 | 20 ± 4 | 21 ± 6 | 0.23 | 20 ± 4 | 0.82 |
| RVOT PSAX (mm/m2) | 19 ± 5 | 17 ± 3 | 19 ± 3 | 22 ± 6b | 0.06 | 19 ± 4 | 0.96 |
| RVD (mm) | 41 ± 8 | 39 ± 4 | 43 ± 10 | 42 ± 9 | 0.62 | 42 ± 8 | 0.98 |
| RVFAC (%) | 39 ± 9 | 37 ± 7 | 34 ± 12 | 39 ± 11 | 0.37 | 36 ± 10 | 0.27 |
| RV free wall LS (%) | −23.6 ± 6.1 | −26.1 ± 6.0 | −21.9 ± 5.8 | −24.0 ± 9.0 | 0.25 | −21.2 ± 4.8 | 0.82 |
| RVMD (ms) | 41 ± 22 | 32 ± 21 | 53 ± 23 | 40 ± 21 | 0.07 | 44 ± 28 | 0.60 |
| LVEF (%) | 56 ± 7 | 56 ± 6 | 54 ± 7 | 58 ± 7 | 0.42 | 55 ± 6 | 0.88 |
| LVGLS (%) | −19.3 ± 2.8 | −18.9 ± 2.8 | −19.9 ± 2.9 | −20.4 ± 1.9 | 0.50 | −19.7 ± 2.7 | 0.56 |
| CMR findings | n = 17 | n = 10 | n = 25 | n = 8 | n = 43 | ||
| CMR EDV RV (mL) | 199 ± 71 | 138 ± 29 | 192 ± 63 | 216 ± 127 | 0.26 | 184 ± 75 | 0.64 |
| CMR EDV LV (mL) | 146 ± 24 | 135 ± 22 | 149 ± 35 | 137 ± 36 | 0.74 | 144 ± 32 | 0.87 |
| CMR EF RV (%) | 46 ± 12 | 56 ± 4 | 47 ± 12 | 43 ± 18 | 0.23 | 48 ± 12 | 0.64 |
| CMR EF LV (%) | 60 ± 6 | 63 ± 6 | 56 ± 7 | 56 ± 15 | 0.28 | 57 ± 10 | 0.50 |
Data are represented as n (%) and mean ± SD unless otherwise stated.
P-value from ANOVA F-test with the post hoc Bonferroni correction, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.
AC, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy; ATP, anti-tachycardia therapy; BSA, body surface area; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LS, longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVGLS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain; MR, magnetic resonance; PLAX, parasternal long-axis view; PSAX, parasternal short-axis view; RV, right ventricular; RVD, right ventricular basal diameter; RVFAC, right ventricular fractional area change; RVMD, right ventricular mechanical dispersion; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; SAECG, signal average ECG; TFC, Task Force Criteria; TWI, T-wave inversion; VA, ventricular arrhythmias.
Post hoc P < 0.05 vs. 0 pregnancy.
Post hoc P < 0.05 vs. 1 pregnancy.