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. 2019 Jan 21;25(3):287–299. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.287

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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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The effects of NCX1 positive mode in the digestive system. Under normal circumstances, NCX1 adopts the positive mode in esophageal smooth muscle and gastric smooth muscle, excreting Ca²⁺ from the cells, reducing intracalcium concentration and inducing smooth muscle relaxation. In the jejunum, vitamin D and 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ can enhance the expression and activity of NCX1 to increase the excretion of Ca²⁺. NCX1 mainly adopts the forward control mode in ischemic-reperfusion injury. Trisulfated disaccharide (TD) can transport excess intracellular Ca²⁺ out of the cell by activating NCX1.