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. 2019 Jan 22;10:41. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1142-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Effects of LIPUS on autophagy in MSCs treated with autophagy agonist or inhibitor. The MSCs were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 10 days before analyses. a Immunoblots showing the levels of Beclin1, LC3I, and LC3II in differentiating MSCs stimulated with varying intensities of LIPUS, with β-actin as the loading control. b Representative electron microscopy images showing autophagosomes (arrows); scale bars = 0.5 μm. c Left panel—representative immunofluorescence images showing LC3+ cells (green); scale bars = 50 μm. Right panel—bar graph comparing the number of LC3+ cells. The values are the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments; *P < 0.05