Table 1.

Patient Demographics.

Variables	Group 1: Concussion	Group 2: Healthy Controls	Group 3: Orthopedic Injury
Number of participants	N = 39	N = 39	N = 40
Age, years	12.9 ± 2.7	12.1 ± 2.7	11.5 ± 2.5
Number of female (%)	17 (43%)	17 (43%)	14 (35%)
Group A characteristics (6–11 years)	Age: 9.9± 1.2N = 12, Female = 6 (50%)	Age: 9.9±1.2N = 12, Female= 6 (50%)	Age: 8.9±2.0N = 15, Female = 5 (33.3%)
Group B characteristics (12– < 18 years)	Age: 14.4±1.4N = 27, Female = 10 (37%)	Age: 14.4±1.4N = 27, Female = 10 (37%)	Age: 13.0 ±1.1N = 25, Female = 14 (56%)
PCSS total score at Time 1 (up to 5 days postinjury)	9.3±15.0, range: 0–75	2.5±3.7, range: 0–18	0.55±1.6, range: 0–9
PCS Physical/Migraine subscale score (Time 1)	2.0±2.6, range: 0–10	0.7±1.4, range: 0–5	1.0±2.5, range: 0–11
PCS Cognitive subscale score (Time 1)	4.6±7.6, range: 0–32	0.7±1.8, range: 0–9	1.2±2.3, range: 0–14
PCS Sleep and Fatigue subscale score (Time 1)	1.1±2.2, range: 0–9	0.3±1.3, range: 0–7	0.5±2.0, range: 0–9
PCS Emotion/Mood subscale score (Time 1)	1.9±3.6, range: 0–17	1.1±2.3, range: 0–9	0.3±0.9, range: 0–5

Note. PCSS = Postconcussion Symptom scale. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.