Table 3. Hazard ratios (95% CI) for incidence of type 2 diabetes by life course socioeconomic position and sex—the Jackson Heart Study, 2000-04 to 2012.
| Women, N=2,518 | Men, N=1,494 | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Childhood SEP | .97 (.94-.99) | .97 (.94-1.00) | .97 (.94-1.04) | 1.02 (.98-1.06) | 1.02 (.98-1.06) | 1.02 (.98-1.06) |
| Age, years | .99 (.99-1.01) | 1.00 (.99-1.01) | 1.00 (.98-1.01) | 1.00 (.98-1.02) | ||
| Height, cm | 1.02 (.99-1.02) | 1.01 (.99-1.03) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | ||
| Family history of diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 1.43 (1.14-1.80)b | 1.40 (1.10-1.76)b | 1.81 (1.33-2.45)c | 1.77 (1.29-2.41)b | ||
| No (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Poor | 1.00 (.86-1.17) | .97 (.83-1.10) | .84 (.69-1.02) | .81 (.66-.99)a | ||
| Not poor (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Healthy diet | ||||||
| Poor | 1.17 (.94-1.45) | 1.20 (.96-1.50) | 1.25 (.91-1.71) | 1.29 (.93-1.79) | ||
| Not poor (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Current or former | 1.21 (.99-1.50) | 1.19 (.96-1.47) | 1.12 (.91-1.38) | 1.07 (.86-1.34) | ||
| Never (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| AL global risk score | 1.17 (1.10-1.25)c | 1.19 (1.11-1.28)c | 1.16 (1.06-1.27)b | 1.16 (1.06-1.27)b | ||
| High | ||||||
| Not high | ||||||
| Young adulthood SEP | ||||||
| Less than high school (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| High school or GED | .91 (.63-1.31) | 1.11 (.64-1.92) | ||||
| More than high school | 1.02 (.72-1.44) | 1.21 (.74-1.98) | ||||
| Mature adulthood SEP | ||||||
| Manager | .97 (.75-1.25) | .75 (.54-1.06) | ||||
| Supervisor | .91 (.64-1.30) | .89 (.56-1.41) | ||||
| Neither (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
SEP, socioeconomic position; AL, allostatic load.
a. P<.05.
b. P<.01.
c. P<.001.
Model 1 = unadjusted; Model 2 = controls for traditional diabetes risk factors and AL global risk score; Model 3 = additional control for Young adulthood SEP and Mature adulthood SEP.