Fig. 3.

Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs on non-coated and HydroMatrix (HydM)-coated surfaces. Alkaline phospatase (ALP) activity (A) was measured by pNPP cleavage test. *p < 0.05 compared to day 7. ⁺p < 0.05 compared to control. von Kossa staining of PDLSC cultures on non-coated (B) and HydM-coated (C) surfaces on day 21 of differentiation. Bars indicate 100 μm. mRNA expression pattern of early markers in PDLSCs grown on tissue culture plastic (D) and HydM-coated (E) surfaces during osteogenic differentiation. Real-time RT-PCR was carried out using total RNA samples harvested on days 0, 3, and 7 of osteogenic differentiation on non-coated and HydM-coated surfaces. Expression of ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osterix (SP7) genes was normalized to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) housekeeping gene expression levels and expressed as fold change relative to the day 0 value of the non-coated control. Data are presented as means of six parallel experiments and error bars indicate standard errors of the mean (SEM)