Table 1.
Gross National Income, HPV-related Disease Burden and Current HPV Prevention Programs in 17 countries.
| Country (2015) | GNI per capita (PPP int $) 2013–2014 | *Incidence rate of CC (2012) | *Mortality rate of CC (2012) | Existence of national HPV vaccination program | Year of introduction for national HPV vaccination program | targeted Age group (year), mostly GF |
Vaccination coverage, mostly GF | Existence of national CC screening program | Coverage of national CC screening program (%) | Most widely used CC screening method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-income countries | ||||||||||
| Norway | 65,970 | 11.9 | 2.3 | Yes | GF: 2009 | 12 | 63% (2011) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| USA | 55,860 | 6.6 | 2.7 | Yes (GF & GM) | GF: 2006; GM: 2011 | 11–12 | GM: 50%; GF: 63% (2016) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Netherlands | 47,660 | 6.8 | 1.6 | Yes | GF: 2010; | 12 | ~ 60% | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Germany | 46,840 | 8.2 | 1.7 | Yes | GF: 2007 | 9–14 | ~ 60% | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Denmark | 46,160 | 10.6 | 1.9 | Yes | GF: 2009 | 12 | 79% (2011) | Yes | 50–70% | HPV test |
| Austria | 45,040 | 5.8 | 2 | Yes (GF & GM) | GF & GM: 2013 | 9 | N/A | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Canada | 43,400 | 6.3 | 1.7 | Yes (GF & GM) | GF: 2007; GM 2013 | 9–14 | 75% (2013) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Belgium | 43,030 | 8.6 | 1.9 | Yes | GF: 2007 | 12–13 | 29–80% (2012) | Yes | 50–70% | PAP smear |
| Australia | 42,880 | 5.5 | 1.6 | Yes (GF & GM) | GF: 2007; GM: 2013 | 12–26 | 73.1% (2014) | Yes | 50–70% | PAP smear |
| United Kingdom | 38,370 | 7.1 | 1.8 | Yes (GF & GM) | GF: 2008; GM: 2014 | GF:9–26; GM: 9–15 | 80% (2009) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Italy | 34,710 | 9.4 | 1.5 | Yes | GF: 2007 | 12 | 61% (2011) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| New Zealand | 33,760 | 5.3 | 1.4 | Yes | GF: 2008 | 12 | 56% (2014) | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| Low- and middle-income countries | ||||||||||
| Mexico | 16,710 | 23.3 | 8 | Yes | GF: 2009 | 10 | N/A | Yes | 36% | PAP smear |
| Brazil | 15,900 | 16.3 | 7.3 | Yes | GF:2014 | 9 | N/A | Yes | > 70% | PAP smear |
| China | 13,130 | 7.5 | 3.4 | No | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | PAP smear |
| Viet Nam | 5350 | 10.6 | 5.2 | No^ | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes | > 10% | PAP smear |
| Lao PDR | 4910 | 12.5 | 7.4 | Yes | GF: 2013 | N/A | N/A | No | N/A | N/A |
GNI = Gross National Income; PPP int $ = Purchasing Power Parity International Dollars; HPV = Human Papillomavirus; CC = Cervical Cancer; yr = years; GF = general women; GM = general men; N/A = Data not available; * Rate per 100,000 women per year; ^with Pilot Vaccination Program