Table 1B.

Milk oral immunotherapy.

Study	Food allergen	N	Age Range	Study design	Maintenance Dose	Desensitization Outcome	Long-term results	Adverse events
Meglio et al. 200850 Meglio et al. 200466	Fluid milk	21	5–10 years	Open-label, not controlled.	Up to 200 mL milk or milk-containing foods	71% (15/21) tolerated 200 mL, 14% (3/21) reached 40–80 mL. Mean duration 201 days (range 183–234 days).	After 48–51 months, 70% in follow-up (14/20) tolerating some milk. 43% (9/14) taking milk ad lib.	Desensitization: 3/21 (14%) had mild symptoms so discontinued; 3/21 (14%) had symptoms so took a lower daily dose. Follow-up: no reactions requiring epinephrine.
Pajno et al. 201367	Fluid milk	32	4–13 years	RCT, open-label, comparison of maintenance regimens.	150–200 mL daily (group A) or twice weekly (group B) and milk ad lib	100% in both groups continued maintenance, a similar frequency of allergic symptoms.	N/A	8/15 in group A and 9/15 in group B had recorded events.
Salmivesi et al. 201368 Paassilta et al. 201669	Fluid milk	24	6–14 years (from initial study 2013)	RCT, placebo control, double-blind, open-label crossover.	200 mL (6400 mg) daily	89% (16/18) OIT desensitized, not assessed in placebo. 100% (10/10) control patients desensitized in the crossover to open-label OIT. At 12 months, 13/18 (72%) of OIT taking 6400 mg CM daily.	At 3 years, 85% OIT (including original OIT and crossover) tolerating milk daily, 58% at 7 years.	Desensitization: 100% of OIT, 80% crossover, 63% of placebo patients reported symptoms. 6–12 months maintenance: 62% had symptoms, none severe; 50% at 3 years, 19% at 7 years.
Longo et al. 200852	Fluid milk, then foods with milk.	60	5–17 years	RCT, open-label, (OIT/milk-free diet).	150 mL (4800 mg) then milk containing foods	At 1 year, 37% (11/30) OIT fully desensitized to 150 ml daily, 53% (16/30) OIT partially (5–15), 0 % control passed DBPCFC.	N/A	Desensitization: 4 patients required IM epinephrine. Home dosing: 2 needed epinephrine. 20% control had an adverse reaction to accidental milk.
Morisset et al. 200751	Fluid milk.	57	1–6 years	RCT, open-label (OIT/milk-free diet).		After 6 months, 11% OIT and 40% control had positive SBPCFC (< 200 mL).	N/A	Reactions in 3 OIT, 0 control patients.
Martorell et al. 201170	Fluid milk.	60	2–3.5 years	RCT, open label. (OIT/milk-free diet).	200 mL (6400 mg) daily	At 1 year, 90% milk OIT tolerant to 200 mL daily, 13% (3/23) of control passed DBPCFC. RR 7.7 for milk tolerance in OIT vs. placebo.	N/A	80% OIT patients had ?1 reaction, all mild-moderate. Reactions with 15% (114/738) doses.
Skpirak et al. 200853 Narisety et al. 200971 Keet et al. 201372	Milk powder.	20	6–21 years	RCT, placebo controlled, double blind, then open-label crossover. (2:1 OIT/placebo)	500 mg daily for 13 weeks, then 7000 mg (if pass 8g DBPFC).	23% OIT, 0 % placebo, 67% crossover OIT passed DBPCFC (8000 mg); 92% active OIT, 0% placebo, 83% of cross-over OIT tolerant to ?2540 mg.	At 5 years: 19% of 13 in follow-up tolerating unlimited milk, 31% 1 serving/day, 34% limited amounts, 16% no milk/avoiding completely.	Desensitization: reactions to 45% of 2437 doses in OIT, 11% of 1193 in placebo patients. 4 patients required epinephrine. Follow-up open-label OIT: reactions in 17% of 2465 home doses.
Goldberg et al. 201565	Baked milk.	15	6–12 years	Open-label, uncontrolled.	Baked milk products daily as tolerated.	21% tolerated 1.3 g baked milk OFC. Maximum tolerated dose 900 mg unheated milk.	N/A	8/15 did not complete desensitization due to IgE-mediated reactions. 2 had anaphylaxis requiring epinephrine with home doses.