Most frequent cause |
ANCA vasculitis and granulomatosis |
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Microscopic polyangiitis |
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis |
Less frequent causes |
Other systemic vasculitis |
Antiglomerular basement membrane disease |
IgA vasculitis |
Behcet’s disease |
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis |
Takayasu arteritis |
Autoimmune diseases |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
Antiphospholipid syndrome |
Sarcoidosis |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Infections |
Bacteria, e.g., mycobacteria, syphilis, rickettsias |
Fungus, e.g., aspergillosis, histoplasmosis |
Virus, e.g., herpes zoster |
Malignancy |
Drugs-induced ANCA vasculitis |
Propylthiouracil, diphenylhydantoin, levamisole-adulterated cocaine |