Figure 2. Assessment of mitochondrial depolarization using JC-1 die: a practical example.
A decrease in the red (~590 nm)/green (~529 nm) fluorescence intensity ratio by acute exposure to TS is indicative of depolarization/disruption of the mitochondrial membrane in primary mBMEC and bEnd.3. Note also how JC-1 staining allows comparing side by side the impact of different experimental treatments (TS vs. e-Cig) on mitochondrial ΔΨM of different cell types. Note in fact how primary mBMEC and bEnd.3 respond differently to the same treatment. CCCP = Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, mitochondrial membrane potential disruptor. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.01, **** P < 0.001 compared to control. N = 3 biological replicates.