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Relative expression of immune checkpoints in circulation of HD, PBC and CRC patients. RNA from PBC, CRC and HD patients were isolated and reversely transcribed into cDNA, followed by quantitative RT-PCR to assess the relative expression levels of PD-1 (a), CTLA-4 (b), TIM-3 (c), LAG-3 (d), TIGIT (e), PD-L1 (f) and VISTA (g) in circulation. All genes were normalized to β-actin.
