Table 1. Maximal heart rate (beats/min) and maximal pulmonary ventilation (L/min) during a maximal graded cycling test with the administration of 3 mg/kg/day of caffeine or a placebo for 20 consecutive days.

Maximal heart rate (bpm)					Maximal ventilation (L/min)
Day	Placebo	Caffeine	Effect size (±90% CI)	Qualitative inference	Placebo	Caffeine	Effect size (±90% CI)	Qualitative inference
0	177±12	178±13	0.1(-0.2–0.3)	Likely trivial	130±23	136±33	0.2(-0.1–0.50)	Possibly positive
1	175±11	181±12*	0.4(0.1–0.7)	Likely positive	131±26	146 ±36*	0.5(0.1–0.8)	Likely positive
4	176±10	179±8	0.3(0–0.6)	Possibly positive	134±24	148±34*†	0.5(0.2–0.7)	Likely positive
6	178±11	180±11	0.2(-0.2–0.5)	Possibly positive	138±32	142±37	0.1(-0.2–0.4)	Unclear
8	174±10	180±11*	0.5(0.2–0.7)	Likely positive	136±32	141±36	0.1(-0.1–0.4)	Possibly trivial
11	177±9	172±10†	-0.5(-0.9–0)	Likely negative	134±29	133±29	-0.0(-0.2–0.2)	Likely trivial
13	177±10	177±12	0.1(-0.3–0.5)	Unclear	135±26	147±36	0.4(0.1–0.7)	Likely positive
15	175±13	179±8	0.2(-0.2–0.6)	Possibly positive	139±30	150±33†	0.3(0.1–0.6)	Likely positive
18	176± 10	177±10	0.1(-0.2–0.4)	Unclear	136±31	143±33	-0.2(-0.1–0.5)	Possibly positive
20	176±10	178±9	0.2(-0.1–0.5)	Possibly positive	136±30	145±28†	0.3(0.1–0.6)	Likely positive

CI = confidence interval;

(*) Caffeine different from placebo for the same day, P < 0.05.

(†) Different from day “0” within the same treatment, P < 0.05.

Note: On days “0” and “11”, both the placebo and caffeine trials were performed without the administration of any capsule.