Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression for lifetime HIV testing.
| Number of respondents (n) | % Reporting Lifetime HIV Testing | Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% C.I.) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–25 | 316 | 52.2 | REF | |||
| 26–35 | 550 | 74.0 | 1.60 (1.39–1.85) | 0.000 | 1.37 (1.14–1.64) | 0.001 |
| 36–45 | 506 | 80.4 | 1.55 (1.40–1.72) | 0.000 | 1.43 (1.25–1.64) | 0.000 |
| 46+ | 266 | 80.5 | 1.39 (1.26–1.52) | 0.000 | 1.36 (1.21–1.54) | 0.000 |
| Place of Birth | ||||||
| Japan | 1584 | 72.8 | 0.99 (0.56–0.17) | 0.969 | ||
| Other | 62 | 72.6 | REF | |||
| Education | ||||||
| High School or less | 416 | 64.7 | REF | |||
| 2 year university | 272 | 72.8 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 0.026 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.724 |
| University | 799 | 75.3 | 1.67 (1.29–2.16) | 0.000 | 1.44 (1.06–1.95) | 0.020 |
| Graduate degree | 160 | 81.3 | 2.37 (1.52–3.7) | 0.000 | 2.00 (1.20–3.33) | 0.008 |
| Employment | ||||||
| Full-time work | 1131 | 76.7 | REF | |||
| Part-time work | 183 | 68.3 | 0.66 (0.47–0.92) | 0.015 | 0.76 (0.51–1.13) | 0.178 |
| Student | 167 | 50.3 | 0.31 (0.22–0.43) | 0.000 | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | 0.048 |
| Self-employed | 96 | 69.8 | 0.70 (0.44–1.11) | 0.129 | 0.52 (0.32–0.86) | 0.010 |
| Unemployed | 68 | 79.4 | 1.17 (0.64–2.14) | 0.607 | 1.29 (0.65–2.56) | 0.468 |
| Current marital status | ||||||
| Single | 1574 | 73.3 | REF | |||
| Married | 72 | 61.1 | 0.57 (0.35–0.93) | 0.024 | 0.51 (0.29–0.92) | 0.025 |
| Current residence | ||||||
| Central Tokyo | 880 | 76.9 | REF | |||
| Greater Tokyo | 549 | 69.0 | 0.67 (0.52–0.85) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) | 0.323 |
| Other prefecture | 207 | 63.8 | 0.53 (0.38–0.73) | 0.000 | 0.67 (0.47–0.97) | 0.034 |
| Intercourse partners | ||||||
| Only men | 1480 | 75.1 | REF | |||
| Both men and women | 146 | 56.2 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | 0.000 | 0.90 (0.54–1.49) | 0.688 |
| Health | ||||||
| Healthy | 1052 | 72.1 | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 0.311 | ||
| Fair/poor health | 593 | 74.4 | REF | |||
| Out to close friends | ||||||
| No | 667 | 66.6 | REF | |||
| Yes | 961 | 77.1 | 1.69 (1.36–2.11) | 0.000 | 1.57 (1.21–2.03) | 0.001 |
| Identify as a member of the gay community | ||||||
| No | 1360 | 74.3 | REF | |||
| Yes | 276 | 65.2 | 1.54 (1.17–2.03) | 0.002 | 1.14 (0.83–1.56) | 0.419 |
| Use gay mobile apps for sex | ||||||
| No | 634 | 68.9 | REF | |||
| Yes | 1006 | 75.3 | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | 0.004 | 1.05 (0.8–1.37) | 0.729 |
| Use gay mobile apps to find friends | ||||||
| No | 400 | 74.0 | REF | |||
| Yes | 1232 | 72.6 | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.596 | ||
| Use gay mobile apps to avoid being identified as gay | ||||||
| No | 1493 | 73.7 | REF | |||
| Yes | 131 | 60.3 | 0.54 (0.37–0.78) | 0.001 | 0.65 (0.43–1.00) | 0.048 |
| Use gay mobile apps to find a serious relationship | ||||||
| No | 763 | 74.8 | REF | |||
| Yes | 866 | 71.1 | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) | 0.094 | ||
| Ever attended A gay bar | ||||||
| No | 710 | 61.3 | REF | |||
| Yes | 931 | 81.8 | 2.85 (2.28–3.57) | 0.000 | 1.58 (1.21–2.05) | 0.001 |
| Recent participation in gay group/community or volunteer activities | ||||||
| No | 1425 | 70.9 | REF | |||
| Yes | 218 | 85.3 | 2.38 (1.61–3.52) | 0.000 | 1.59 (1.02–2.47) | 0.040 |
| Hattenba attendance | ||||||
| No | 858 | 64.9 | REF | |||
| Yes | 783 | 81.5 | 2.38 (1.89–2.99) | 0.000 | 1.53 (1.17–1.99) | 0.002 |
| HIV Knowledge: Having other STIs doesn't increase chance of infection | ||||||
| Correct | 1505 | 74.0 | REF | |||
| Incorrect | 130 | 58.5 | 2.02 (1.40–2.92) | 0.000 | 1.60 (1.04–2.45) | 0.033 |
| Anal sex with regular male partners | ||||||
| No | 244 | 57.4 | REF | |||
| Yes | 1399 | 75.6 | 2.31 (1.74–3.05) | 0.000 | 2.00 (1.39–2.86) | 0.000 |
| Anal sex with casual male partners | ||||||
| No | 317 | 57.0 | REF | |||
| Yes | 1325 | 76.5 | 2.37 (1.84–3.06) | 0.000 | 1.51 (1.08–2.13) | 0.016 |
| Sex with female partners | ||||||
| No | 1352 | 75.7 | REF | |||
| Yes | 285 | 58.9 | 0.46 (0.35–0.60) | 0.000 | 0.66 (0.45–0.99) | 0.042 |
| Condom use with regular male partnersa | ||||||
| Low | 516 | 79.3 | REF | |||
| High | 883 | 73.4 | 0.72 (0.56–0.94) | 0.014 | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) | 0.026 |
| Condom use with casual male partnersb | ||||||
| Low | 231 | 75.8 | REF | |||
| High | 1094 | 76.6 | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | |||
| Condom use with female partnersc | ||||||
| Low | 56 | 55.4 | REF | |||
| High | 229 | 59.8 | 1.20 (0.67–2.17) | |||
a analysis based on a subsample of 1404 people who have anal sex with a regular partner; Low condom use = never/rarely use a condom; High condom use = most of the time/always use a condom
b analysis based on a subsample of 1331 people who have anal sex with a casual partner; Low condom use = never/rarely use a condom; High condom use = most of the time/always use a condom
c analysis based on a subsample of 286 people who have sex with women; Low condom use = never/rarely use a condom; High condom use = most of the time/always use a condom