Table 4. The prevalence of major colonization factors that are contained in leading vaccine candidates, by toxin profiles, among ETEC strains from 711 control subjects from GEMS sites in Africa and Asia.
| Site | Toxin profile | Total controls | CFA/I | Any CFA/IIa | CS3-only | CS1+CS3 | CS2+CS3 | Any CFA/IVb | CS6-only | CS4+CS6 | CS5+CS6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambia | LT-only | 58 | 0/58 (0%) | 0/58 (0%) | 0/58 (0%) | 0/58 (0%) | 0/58 (0%) | 16/58 (27.6%) | 12/58 (20.7%) | 0/58 (0%) | 4/58 (6.9%) |
| ST-only | 33 | 8/33 (24.2%) | 0/33 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) | 17/33 (51.5%) | 12/33 (36.4%) | 0/33 (0%) | 5/33 (15.2%) | |
| LT/ST | 39 | 0/39 (0%) | 10/39 (25.6%) | 2/39 (5.1%) | 0/39 (0%) | 8/39 (20.5%) | 8/39 (20.5%) | 2/39 (5.1%) | 0/39 (0%) | 6/39 (15.4%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 72 | 8/72 (11.1%) | 10/72 (13.9%) | 2/72 (2.8%) | 0/72 (0%) | 8/72 (11.1%) | 25/72 (34.7%) | 14/72 (19.4%) | 0/72 (0%) | 11/72 (15.3%) | |
| Mali | LT-only | 49 | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 0/49 (0%) | 19/49 (38.8%) | 14/49 (28.6%) | 1/49 (2.0%) | 4/49 (8.2%) |
| ST-only | 22 | 3/22 (13.6%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 6/22 (27.3%) | 1/22 (4.5%) | 1/22 (4.5%) | 4/22 (18.2%) | |
| LT/ST | 26 | 0/26 (0%) | 6/26 (23.1%) | 0/26 (0%) | 1/26 (3.8%) | 5/26 (19.2%) | 6/26 (23.1%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | 0/26 (0%) | 4/26 (15.4%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 48 | 3/48 (6.3%) | 6/48 (12.5%) | 0/48 (0%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 5/48 (10.4%) | 12/48 (25.0%) | 3/48 (6.3%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 8/48 (16.7%) | |
| Mozambique | LT-only | 65 | 0/65 (0%) | 0/65 (0%) | 0/65 (0%) | 0/65 (0%) | 0/65 (0%) | 12/65 (18.5%) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 0/65 (0%) | 6/65 (9.2%) |
| ST-only | 12 | 0/12 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | |
| LT/ST | 25 | 0/25 (0%) | 8/25 (32.0%) | 4/25 (16.0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 4/25 (16.0%) | 7/25 (28.0%) | 4/25 (16.0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 3/25 (12.0%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 37 | 0/37 (0%) | 8/37 (21.6%) | 4/37 (10.8%) | 0/37 (0%) | 4/37 (10.8%) | 9/37 (24.3%) | 5/37 (13.5%) | 0/37 (0%) | 4/37 (10.8%) | |
| Kenya | LT-only | 77 | 0/77 (0%) | 0/77 (0%) | 0/77 (0%) | 0/77 (0%) | 0/77 (0%) | 20/77 (26.0%) | 15/77 (19.5%) | 0/77 (0%) | 5/77 (6.5%) |
| ST-only | 31 | 5/31 (16.1%) | 0/31 (0%) | 0/31 (0%) | 0/31 (0%) | 0/31 (0%) | 8/31 (25.8%) | 5/31 (16.1%) | 0/31 (0%) | 3/31 (9.7%) | |
| LT/ST | 43 | 0/43 (0%) | 12/43 (27.9%) | 3/43 (7.0%) | 1/43 (2.3%) | 8/43 (18.6%) | 8/43 (18.6%) | 3/43 (7.0%) | 1/43 (2.3%) | 4/43 (9.3%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 74 | 5/74 (6.8%) | 12/74 (16.2%) | 3/74 (4.1%) | 1/74 (1.4%) | 8/74 (10.8%) | 16/74 (21.6%) | 8/74 (10.8%) | 1/74 (1.4%) | 7/74 (9.5%) | |
| Africa | LT-only | 249 | 0/249 (0%) | 0/249 (0%) | 0/249 (0%) | 0/249 (0%) | 0/249 (0%) | 67/249 (26.9%) | 47/249 (18.9%) | 1/249 (0.4%) | 19/249 (7.6%) |
| ST-only | 98 | 16/98 (16.3%) | 0/98 (0%) | 0/98 (0%) | 0/98 (0%) | 0/98 (0%) | 33/98 (33.7%) | 19/98 (19.4%) | 1/98 (1.0%) | 13/98 (13.3%) | |
| LT/ST | 133 | 0/133 (0%) | 36/133 (27.1%) | 9/133 (6.8%) | 2/133 (1.5%) | 25/133 (18.8%) | 29/133 (21.8%) | 11/133 (8.3%) | 1/133 (0.8%) | 17/133 (12.8%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 231 | 16/231 (6.9%) | 36/231 (15.6%) | 9/231 (6.8%) | 2/231 (0.9%) | 25/231 (10.8%) | 62/231 (26.8%) | 30/231 (13.0%) | 2/231 (0.9%) | 30/231 (13.0%) | |
| India | LT-only | 35 | 0/35 (0%) | 1/35 (2.9%) | 1/35 (2.9%) | 0/35 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) | 9/35 (25.7%) | 7/35 (20.0%) | 0/35 (0%) | 2/35 (5.7%) |
| ST-only | 15 | 4/15 (26.7%) | 1/15 (6.7%) | 0/15 (0%) | 0/15 (0%) | 1/15 (6.7%) | 6/15 (40.0%) | 3/15 (20.0%) | 0/15 (0%) | 3/15 (20.0%) | |
| LT/ST | 22 | 0/22 (0%) | 7/22 (31.8%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | 3/22 (13.6%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 37 | 4/37 (10.8%) | 9/37 (21.6%) | 2/37 (5.4%) | 3/37 (8.1%) | 3/37 (8.1%) | 8/37 (21.6%) | 3/37 (8.1%) | 0/37 (0%) | 5/37 (13.5%) | |
| Bangladesh | LT-only | 25 | 0/25 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 11/25 (44.0%) | 6/25 (24.0%) | 0/25 (0%) | 5/25 (20.0%) |
| ST-only | 11 | 2/11 (18.2%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/11 (0%) | 0/11 (0%) | 3/11 (27.3%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 0/11 (0%) | 2/11 (18.2%) | |
| LT/ST | 43 | 0/43 (0%) | 8/43 (18.6%) | 0/43 (0%) | 4/43 (9.3%) | 4/43 (9.3%) | 3/43 (7.0%) | 2/43 (4.7%) | 0/43 (0%) | 1/43 (2.3%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 54 | 2/54 (3.7%) | 8/54 (14.8%) | 0/54 (0%) | 4/54 (7.4%) | 4/54 (7.4%) | 6/54 (11.1%) | 3/54 (5.6%) | 0/54 (0%) | 3/54 (5.6%) | |
| Pakistan | LT-only | 24 | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 0/24 (0%) | 6/24 (25.0%) | 3/24 (12.5%) | 0/24 (0%) | 3/24 (12.5%) |
| ST-only | 22 | 4/22 (18.2%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | 6/22 (27.3%) | 3/22 (13.6%) | 1/22 (4.5%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | |
| LT/ST | 34 | 0/34 (0%) | 5/34 (14.7%) | 2/34 (5.9%) | 3/34 (8.8%) | 0/34 (0%) | 5/34 (14.7%) | 1/34 (2.9%) | 0/34 (0%) | 4/34 (11.8%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 56 | 4/56 (7.1%) | 5/56 (8.9%) | 2/56 (3.6%) | 3/56 (5.4%) | 0/56 (0%) | 11/56 (19.6%) | 4/56 (7.1%) | 1/56 (1.8%) | 6/56 (10.7%) | |
| Asia | LT-only | 84 | 0/84 (0%) | 1/84 (1.2%) | 1/84 (1.2%) | 0/84 (0%) | 0/84 (0%) | 26/84 (31.0%) | 16/84 (19.0%) | 0/84 (0%) | 10/84 (11.9%) |
| ST-only | 48 | 10/48 (20.8%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 0/48 (0.9%) | 0/48 (0%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 15/48 (31.3%) | 7/48 (14.6%) | 1/48 (2.1%) | 7/48 (14.6%) | |
| LT/ST | 99 | 0/99 (0%) | 20/99 (20.2%) | 4/99 (4.0%) | 10/99 (10.1%) | 6/99 (6.1%) | 10/99 (10.1%) | 3/99 (3.0%) | 0/99 (0%) | 7/99 (7.1%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 147 | 10/147 (6.8%) | 21/147 (14.3%) | 4/147 (2.7%) | 10/147 (6.8%) | 7/147 (4.8%) | 25/147 (17.0%) | 10/147 (6.8%) | 1/147 (0.7%) | 14/147 (9.5%) | |
| Asia & Africa | LT-only | 333 | 0/333 (0%) | 1/333 (0.3%) | 1/333 (0.3%) | 0/333 (0%) | 0/333 (0%) | 93/333 (27.9%) | 63/333 (18.9%) | 1/333 (0.3%) | 29/333 (8.7%) |
| ST-only | 146 | 26/146 (17.8%) | 1/146 (0.7%) | 0/146 (0%) | 0/146 (0%) | 1/146 (0.7%) | 48/146 (32.9%) | 26/146 (17.8%) | 2/146 (1.4%) | 20/146 (13.7%) | |
| LT/ST | 232 | 0/232 (0%) | 56/232 (24.1%) | 13/232 (5.6%) | 12/232 (5.2%) | 31/232 (13.4%) | 39/232 (16.8%) | 14/232 (6.0%) | 1/232 (0.4%) | 24/232 (10.3%) | |
| ST+LT/ST | 378 | 26/378 (6.9%) | 57/378 (15.1%) | 13/378 (3.4%) | 12/378 (3.2%) | 32/378 (8.5%) | 8/378 (23.0%) | 40/378 (10.6%) | 3/378 (0.8%) | 44/378 (11.6%) |
a CFA/II strains are defined as encoding CS3 either alone or in combination with either CS1 or CS2 but never both CS1 and CS2. Very rarely isolates that encode CS1 without CS3 have been reported,[26] but the rare CFs of this nature recovered in GEMS are not included in this table.
b CFA/IV strains are defined as encoding CS6 either alone or in combination with either CS4 or CS5, but never both CS4 and CS5. Very rarely isolates that encode CS5 without CS6 have been reported but the few such isolates recovered in GEMS are not included in this table.