Table 6. Odds ratios for association with moderate-to-severe diarrhea of ETEC encoding major or minor colonization factors in combination with different toxin genotypes.
| Cases N = 9439 |
Controls N = 13,129 |
Pooled matched odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value |
p value for heterogeneitya | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major colonization factors | Toxin type | |||||
| CFA/I | ST-only + LT/ST | 112 (1.19%) | 26 (0.20%) | 1.85 (1.52–2.22) | <0.0001 | 0.97 |
| Any CFA/II familyb1 | ST-only + LT/ST | 77 (0.82%) | 57 (0.43%) | 1.36 (1.08–1·69) | 0.006 | 0.97 |
| Any CFA/IV familyb2 | ST-only + LT/ST | 174 (1.84%) | 87 (0.66%) | 1.62 (1.39–1.88) | <0.0001 | 0.88 |
| CS6-only | LT-only | 43 (0.46%) | 63 (0.48%) | 0.95 (0.69–1.25) | 0.70 | 0.89 |
| CS5+CS6 | LT-only | 18 (0.19%) | 28 (0.21%) | 0.98 (0.59–1.53) | 0.90 | 0.97 |
| Minor colonization factors | ||||||
| CS7 b3,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 1 (0.01%) | 1 (0.008%) | 1.88 (0.21–6.74) | 0.40 | 0.64 |
| LT-only | 20 (0.21%) | 12 (0.09%) | 1.49 (0.93–2.23) | 0.071 | 0.93 | |
| CS12b4,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 9 (0.095%) | 27 (0.22%) | 0.56 (0.27–1.00) | 0.076 | 0.92 |
| LT-only | 5 (0.053%) | 5 (0.038%) | 1.46 (0.55–3.05) | 0.30 | 0.86 | |
| CS13b5,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 2 (0.021%) | 3 (0.023%) | 1.40 (0.29–4.01) | 0.50 | 0.70 |
| LT-only | 4 (0.042%) | 30 (0.22%) | 0.33 (0.11–0.75) | 0.021 | 0.47 | |
| CS14b6,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 62 (0.66%) | 33 (0.25%) | 1.52 (1.17–1.94) | 0.0011 | 0.72 |
| LT-only | 11 (0.12%) | 10 (0.08%) | 1.19 (0.63–2.03) | 0.50 | 0.57 | |
| CS17b7,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 1 (0.011%) | 2 (0.015%) | 1.06 (0.12–3.82) | 0.90 | 0.78 |
| LT-only | 17 (0.18%) | 15 (0.11%) | 1.24 (0.74–1.93) | 0.30 | 0.78 | |
| CS18b8,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 1 (0.011%) | 0 (0%) | 3.03 (0.34–10.96) | 0.17 | |
| LT-only | 4 (0.042%) | 2 (0.015%) | 1.57 (0.52–3.49) | 0.30 | 0.82 | |
| CS19b9,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 0 (0%) | 6 (0.046%) | 0.22 (0.002–1.46) | 0.28 | 0.81 |
| LT-only | 3 (0.032%) | 13 (0.099%) | 0.51 (0.14–1.26) | 0.21 | 0.39 | |
| CS20b10,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 7 (0.074%) | 21 (0.16%) | 0.66 (0.29–1.25) | 0.25 | 0·77 |
| LT-only | 8 (0.085%) | 13 (0.099%) | 0.95 (0.44–1.75) | 0.80 | 0.98 | |
| CS21b11,c | ST-only + LT/ST | 7 (0.074%) | 12 (0.091%) | 0.93 (0.41–1.78) | 0.80 | 0.99 |
| LT-only | 4 (0.042%) | 0 (0%) | 2.84 (0.95–6.42) | 0.028 | 0.72 | |
| CS30b12,c | LT/ST | 5 (0.053%) | 7 (0.053%) | 1.13 (0.42–2.34) | 0.70 | 0.48 |
a There was no significant heterogeneity across GEMS sites (by chi square test for heterogeneity).
b1 ST and CS3-only was not detected in Bangladesh.
b2 ST and CS4 & SC6-only was not found Gambia, Mozambique and Bangladesh.
b3 ST and CS7-only was restricted to Gambia and India.
b4 LT and CS12-only was not found in Gambia.
b5 ST and CS13-only was not found in Mali, India and Pakistan.
b6 LT and CS14-only was not found in Mali and Bangladesh.
b7 ST and CS17-only was found only in Mozambique, Kenya and Bangladesh.
b8 ST and CS18-only was found only in Gambia; LT and CS18-only was found only in Mali and Kenya.
b9 ST and CS19-only was detected in Kenya, India and Bangladesh; LT and CS19-only was not found Mozambique and Kenya.
b10 LT and CS20-only was not detected in Bangladesh.
b11 LT and CS21-only was detected only in Kenya and Pakistan.
b12 LT-ST and CS30-only was not found in Bangladesh.
c Excludes strains that co-encoded a major colonization factor such as CFA/I, CFA/II, CFA/IV, and all other minor colonization factors.
Note—These analyses are based on the entire GEMS dataset. In each conditional logistic regression model the dependent variable was MSD (cases or controls), while the independent variable was the presence (coded as 1) or absence (coded as 0) of a specified ETEC CF-toxin profile