Physical Function-related factors: Forest plot of comparison between baseline function and association with positive outcome. The assessment measures for outcome and prognostic factor (PF) reported, type of analyses, and whether estimates (ORs) were combined from plural measures are presented in the footnotes. Physical function (1) Outcome: MPI interference; PF: MPI interference, MPI activity level; uni & multivariate. Combined OR; (2) Outcome: FCI; PF: FCI, univariate; (3) Outcome: RMDQ; PF: RMDQ; univariate zero-order correlations; (4) Outcomes: QBPDS absolute and relative change; PF: SF-36 PCS; multivariate. Combined OR; (5) Outcome: ODI; PF: ODI; multivariate; (6) Outcomes: COPM satisfaction and performance; PF: COPM satisfaction, performance and DRI; multivariate. Combined OR; (7) Outcome: SF-36 PCS; PF: SF-36 PCS; univariate; (8) Outcomes: ODI, SF-36 PF and SF-36 RP; PF: ODI, SF-36 PF, SF-36 RP; multivariate. Combined OR. CI indicates confidence interval; COPM, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; MPI, Multidimensional Pain Inventory; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; OR, odds ratio; PF, Physical Functioning; QBPDS, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale; RP, Role-Physical; SCL-90, Symptom Checklist-90; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.