Fig. 1.

Viburnum lantanoides. (A) Plants flower for 5–7 d in early spring prior to canopy closure, as shown by a fisheye photograph taken from above one of our focal plants. (B) Genets can be composed of multiple flowering ramets; larger plants can produce >100 inflorescences. (C) Inflorescences bear ~165 fertile flowers on five inflorescence rays, and eight SMFs (two on each of the four lateral rays). (D) The presence of SMFs increases the overall width of an inflorescence by a factor of 2. (E) Flowers are visited by a variety of insects but are most effectively pollinated by early-emerging Andrena bees. (F) Drupe fruits mature to the red-coloured phase ~2 months after flowering and then asynchronously turn black at maturity.