Table 3.
Associations between cell phone use and risk of thyroid cancer by histologic subtype
| Well-differentiated |
Papillary |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell phone user | Case | OR (95% CI)a |
P for trend |
Case | OR (95% CI)a |
P for trend |
| No | 94 | 82 | ||||
| Yes | 350 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.48) | 306 | 1.02 (0.71, 1.47) | ||
| Hands-free device | ||||||
| Yes | 9 | 1.19 (0.44, 3.23) | 8 | 1.24 (0.45, 3.46) | ||
| No | 341 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.48) | 298 | 1.01 (0.70, 1.46) | ||
| Daily use hour | 0.122 | 0.177 | ||||
| ≤1 hours/day | 121 | 1.10 (0.72, 1.67) | 106 | 1.07 (0.69, 1.66) | ||
| 1–2 hours/day | 57 | 1.45 (0.86, 2.45) | 49 | 1.33 (0.77, 2.30) | ||
| >2 hours/day | 59 | 1.39 (0.82, 2.35) | 52 | 1.38 (0.80, 2.38) | ||
| Daily phone call | 0.453 | 0.610 | ||||
| ≤3 calls/day | 119 | 0.95 (0.63, 1.42) | 104 | 0.95 (0.62, 1.44) | ||
| 3–6 calls/day | 97 | 0.97 (0.62, 1.50) | 83 | 0.93 (0.59, 1.46) | ||
| >6 calls/day | 109 | 1.17 (0.75, 1.81) | 97 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.78) | ||
| Phone use year | 0.434 | 0.467 | ||||
| ≤12 years | 126 | 1.00 (0.67, 1.51) | 105 | 0.95 (0.62, 1.46) | ||
| 12–15 years | 127 | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | 117 | 0.95 (0.62, 1.45) | ||
| >15 years | 93 | 1.24 (0.80, 1.94) | 80 | 1.21 (0.76, 1.91) | ||
| Age at first use | 0.824 | 0.896 | ||||
| ≤20 years old | 46 | 1.01 (0.49, 2.08) | 44 | 1.12 (0.54, 2.33) | ||
| 21–50 years old | 254 | 1.05 (0.72, 1.55) | 225 | 1.08 (0.72, 1.60) | ||
| >50 years old | 50 | 1.02 (0.61, 1.71) | 37 | 0.87 (0.50, 1.51) | ||
| Cumulative use hour | 0.096 | 0.169 | ||||
| ≤4,380 hours | 84 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.77) | 74 | 1.11 (0.69, 1.79) | ||
| 4,380–13140 hours | 68 | 1.08 (0.67, 1.75) | 59 | 1.02 (0.61, 1.68) | ||
| >13,140 hours | 84 | 1.56 (0.96, 2.51) | 73 | 1.50 (0.91, 2.47) | ||
| Cumulative phone call | 0.664 | 0.830 | ||||
| ≤10,220 calls | 117 | 1.02 (0.67, 1.54) | 101 | 1.02 (0.66, 1.56) | ||
| 10,220–41,975 calls | 96 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.34) | 83 | 0.82 (0.52, 1.29) | ||
| >41,975 calls | 109 | 1.16 (0.75, 1.79) | 97 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.76) | ||
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio
a
Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male, female), education (<college, college, >college), family history of thyroid cancer (yes, no), alcohol consumption (yes, no), BMI (<25, 25–29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), previous benign thyroid disease (yes, no), occupational radiation exposure (yes, no), and radiation treatment (yes, no).