Table 2.
Patient Characteristics
| Variable | All Patients (n=22722) n (%) or M (SD) |
By Race/Ethnicity n (%) or M (SD) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asian (n=1576) | African- American (n=3782) |
Hispanic (n=3330) |
Non-Hispanic White (n=14034) |
|||
| Predisposing Factors | ||||||
| Age | 79.34 (8.64) | 80.18 (8.04) | 78.19 (8.60) | 78.85 (8.46) | 79.67 (8.72) | |
| Female Gender | 13808 (60.8) | 907 (57.55) | 2557 (67.61) | 2271 (68.20) | 8073 (57.52) | |
| Enabling Factors | ||||||
| Caregiver ADL Assistance | ||||||
| None needed | 1568 (6.9) | 58 (3.68) | 357 (9.44) | 236 (7.09) | 917 (6.53) | |
| Has a caregiver | 16423 (72.3) | 1135 (72.02) | 2588 (68.43) | 2282 (68.53) | 10418 (74.23) | |
| Needs caregiver | 4731 (20.8) | 383 (24.30) | 837 (22.13) | 812 (24.38) | 2699 (19.23) | |
| Frequency of Caregiver Assistance | ||||||
| Daily | 18028 (79.3) | 1342 (85.15) | 2921 (77.23) | 2637 (79.19) | 11128 (79.29) | |
| At least weekly | 4694 (20.7) | 234 (14.85) | 861 (22.77) | 693 (20.81) | 2906 (20.71) | |
| Living Arrangement | ||||||
| Lives alone | 8528 (37.5) | 400 (25.38) | 1533 (40.53) | 1302 (39.10) | 5293 (37.72) | |
| Does not live alone | 14194 (62.5) | 1176 (74.62) | 2249 (59.47) | 2028 (60.90) | 8741 (62.28) | |
| Medicaid status (SES proxy) | ||||||
| Yes | 1790 (7.9) | 415 (26.33) | 358 (9.47) | 656 (19.70) | 361 (2.57) | |
| No | 20932 (92.1) | 1161 (73.67) | 3424 (90.53) | 2674 (80.30) | 13673 (97.43) | |
| Illness Level Factors | ||||||
| Total Number of Prescribed Meds | 3.46 (4.02) | 4.32 (4.39) | 3.4 (4.00) | 3.68 (4.20) | 3.32 (3.92) | |
| Total Number of Chronic Conditions Prognosis | 2.40 (1.29) | 2.54 (1.21) | 2.74 (1.22) | 2.81 (1.28) | 2.19 (1.27) | |
| No risk | 2460 (10.8) | 119 (7.55) | 558 (14.75) | 356 (10.69) | 1427 (10.17) | |
| Temporary risk | 17087 (75.2) | 1165 (73.92) | 2722 (71.97) | 2587 (77.69) | 10613 (75.62) | |
| High risk | 3175 (14.0) | 292 (18.53) | 502 (13.27) | 387 (11.62) | 1994 (14.21) | |
| Length of Service Illness Severity - diagnoses rated>2 | 31.65 (17.56) | 31.21 (17.16) | 35.58 (17.92) | 34.99 (17.91) | 29.85 (17.14) | |
| 0-3 diagnoses | 7467 (32.86) | 445 (28.24) | 962 (25.44) | 841 (25.26) | 5219 (37.19) | |
| 4-6 diagnoses | 15255 (67.14) | 1131 (71.76) | 2820 (74.56) | 2489 (74.74) | 8815 (62.81) | |
| ADL severity score | 3.47 (1.37) | 3.7 (1.37) | 3.46 (1.50) | 3.53 (1.43) | 3.44 (1.32) | |
| Recent decline in mental, emotional, behavioral status* | 2803 (12.3) | 229 (14.53) | 457 (12.08) | 377 (11.32) | 1740 (12.40) | |
| Frailty | 7496 (33.0) | 583 (36.99) | 1087 (28.74) | 996 (29.91) | 4830 (34.42) | |
| Fall Risk | 19559 (86.1) | 1385 (87.88) | 3199 (84.58) | 2867 (86.10) | 12108 (86.28) | |
| Vision Impairment | 3811 (16.8) | 332 (21.07) | 751 (19.86) | 673 (20.21) | 2055 (14.64) | |
| Hearing Impairment | 4986 (21.9) | 405 (25.70) | 574 (15.18) | 617 (18.53) | 3390 (24.16) | |
| Has Pain | 16665 (73.3) | 1253 (79.51) | 2549 (67.40) | 2289 (68.74) | 10574 (75.35) | |
| Has Surgical Wound Shortness of Breath | 8998 (39.6) | 541 (34.33) | 977 (25.83) | 894 (26.85) | 6586 (46.93) | |
| No symptoms | 11594 (51.0) | 692 (43.91) | 1944 (51.40) | 1520 (45.65) | 7438 (53.00) | |
| Mild symptoms | 6041 (26.6) | 482 (30.58) | 1019 (26.94) | 1001 (30.06) | 3539 (25.22) | |
| Moderate-severe symptoms | 5087 (22.4) | 402 (25.51) | 819 (21.66) | 809 (24.29) | 3057 (21.78) | |
| Urinary Incontinence | 9173 (40.4) | 788 (50.00) | 1684 (44.53) | 1413 (42.43) | 5288 (37.68) | |
| Bowel Incontinence | 2943 (13.0) | 298 (18.91) | 528 (13.96) | 422 (12.67) | 1695 (12.08) | |
| Cognitive Impairment | 6928 (30.5) | 652 (41.37) | 1211 (32.02) | 1322 (39.70) | 3743 (26.67) | |
| Depression Symptoms | 6246 (27.5) | 419 (26.59) | 946 (25.01) | 1018 (30.57) | 3863 (27.53) | |
| Confusion | 9936 (43.7) | 868 (55.08) | 1848 (48.86) | 1798 (53.99) | 5422 (38.63) | |
| Anxiety | 6847 (30.1) | 430 (27.28) | 981 (25.94) | 1006 (30.21) | 4430 (31.57) | |
| Cognitive, behavioral, psychiatric symptoms | 20453 (90.0) | 1400 (88.83) | 3386 (89.53) | 2934 (88.11) | 12733 (90.73) | |
| Emergency room visit | 3054 (13.4) | 236 (14.97) | 667 (17.64) | 533 (16.01) | 1618 (11.53) | |
| Rehospitalized | 2226 (9.8) | 144 (9.14) | 491 (12.98) | 357 (10.72) | 1234 (8.79) | |
Note. Except for item marked by (*), statistically significant differences between race/ethnicities were found for all characteristics (p≤.01), likely due to large sample size. M=mean; SD=standard deviation; ADL=activities of daily living; SES=socioeconomic status