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. 2019 Jan 23;9:368. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36863-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IGF1 does not affect the hardness of bioengineered teeth. The Knoop hardness values of the enamel (a) and dentin (b) of bioengineered teeth in the control and IGF1-treated groups at 30 days after transplantation into subrenal capsules (SRC), and at 90 days after transplantation into jawbones (TP), were assessed and compared with those of the upper first molars in 9-weeek-old-C57BL/J mice (NT, natural tooth). Error bars indicate the standard deviation (N = 5−7). The different letters (a, b, and c) indicate significant differences between groups. p < 0.05 (one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey-Kramer test).