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. 2019 Jan 23;9:424. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36743-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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New Classification and Regression Tree to Predict Clinical Deterioration. The classification tree consists of four biomarker-based decision rules with five terminal daughter nodes. The tree incorporates four of five PERSEVERE biomarkers: interleukin-8 (IL8), heat shock protein 70 kDa 1B (HSPA1B), chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8). Each node denotes the number of subjects in the node, the serum concentration of a given biomarker determining the branch point (pg/mL), and both the total number and accompanying rate of subjects with clinical deterioration or clinical stability. Terminal Nodes 1 and 3 are considered low risk terminal nodes; terminal nodes 2, 4, and 5 are high risk. The AUROC for this model was 0.81.