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. 2019 Jan 23;9:339. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36292-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma free fatty acids are different between the breast-fed (BF, green) and formula-fed (Experimental formula, EF, orange; Standard Formula, SF, red) infants. The significant differences in plasma free fatty acids were measured using (a) GC-MS and (b) LC-MS metabolomics approach and evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis posthoc Dunn’s test. Correlation between the plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and the free fatty acids, (c) palmitic acid, (d) oleic acid, (e) steric acid, (f) linoleic acid, and (g) lauric acid, at 6 months of age. Data for correlation analysis was quantified using GC-MS. The association coefficient was evaluated using the square of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r²) and visualized via linear regression.