FIG 4.

Heterologous expression of genes bmrA, bmrB, and bmrAB in L. lactis affecting the survival of the host strain after bile stress. (A) The survival rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of colonies obtained on GM17 plates after and before ox bile treatment. Data are reported as means ± SDs from at least three independent experiments and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Bars with different letters are statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). (B) The bile acid content inside L. lactis BmrAB cells was determined after ox bile treatment. **, P < 0.001.