Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants between SF48-improved group and SF48-nonimproved group.
| Variables | SF48-improved group, n=44 | SF48-nonimproved group, n=47 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years), mean ± SD | 64.80±12.84 | 64.45±12.23 | 0.895 |
| Male, n (%) | 30 (68.2) | 32 (68.1) | 0.992 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 20.57±3.36 | 23.39±12.23 | <0.001 |
| Confusion, n (%) | 2 (4.5) | 4 (8.5) | 0.678 |
| Poor functional statusa, n (%) | 9 (20.5) | 12 (25.5) | 0.566 |
| HFNC treatment time (hours), mean ± SD | 128.05±105.92 | 153.53±169.23 | 0.395 |
| Type of immunocompromised status, n (%) | 0.376 | ||
| Solid cancer | 26 (59.1) | 24 (51.1) | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 13 (29.5) | 13 (27.7) | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 3 (6.8) | 9 (19.1) | |
| AIDS | 2 (4.5) | 1 (2.1) | |
| Reason for acute respiratory failure, n (%) | 0.539 | ||
| Documented Infection | 28 (63.6) | 32 (68.1) | |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 4 (9.1) | 3 (6.4) | |
| Underlying disease progression | 7 (15.9) | 10 (21.3) | |
| Other | 5 (11.4) | 2 (4.3) | |
| Discussion to DNI at ARF, n (%) | 23 (52.3) | 38 (80.9) | 0.004 |
| DNI status | 20 (87.0) | 30 (78.9) | 0.430 |
| APACHE II, mean ± SD | 22.11±4.69 | 22.17±4.84 | 0.955 |
| SAPS II, mean ± SD | 38.14±8.76 | 38.87±10.04 | 0.711 |
| SOFA, mean ± SD | 5.32±1.20 | 5.74±2.79 | 0.402 |
| Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, n (%) | 36 (81.8) | 41 (87.2) | 0.474 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min), mean ± SD | 26.91±6.01 | 26.30±6.00 | 0.629 |
| Heart rate (beats/min), mean ± SD | 102.55±20.99 | 102.77±20.56 | 0.960 |
| Arterial pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | |||
| Systolic | 121.43±18.79 | 118.40±21.06 | 0.472 |
| Mean | 98.13±14.62 | 97.03±16.36 | 0.738 |
| Arterial blood gas, mean ± SD | |||
| pH | 7.43±0.07 | 7.41±0.08 | 0.497 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 71.46±22.56 | 72.90±19.17 | 0.745 |
| FiO2b | 0.70±0.15 | 0.63±0.15 | 0.031 |
| O2 flow (L/min) | 43.07±8.71 | 43.40±8.60 | 0.854 |
| PaO2:FiO2 (mmHg) | 109.93±47.88 | 124.62±51.33 | 0.168 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34.15±6.92 | 34.38±6.03 | 0.867 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| CVD | 1 (2.4) | 3 (6.4) | 0.620 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (22.7) | 9 (19.1) | 0.675 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 3 (6.8) | 4 (8.5) | 0.762 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2 (4.5) | 5 (10.6) | 0.436 |
| Heart disease | 7 (15.9) | 4 (8.5) | 0.279 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%), unless otherwise stated. a, patients with poor functional status were defined as being bedridden or those who used a wheelchair; b, FiO2 estimated as follows: (oxygen flow in liters per minute ×0.03) +0.21. BMI, body mass index; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; DNI, do-not-intubation; ARF, acute respiratory failure; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; PaCO2, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide; CVD, cerebrovascular disease.