Table 4. Factors contributing to 28-day mortality.
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age | 1.002 (0.969–1.036) | 0.918 | – | – | |
| Male | 0.724 (0.298–1.759) | 0.724 | – | – | |
| BMI | 1.189 (1.045–1.352) | 0.008 | 1.105 (0.877–1.000) | 0.398 | |
| Time to HFNC application from onset of ARF | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) | 0.901 | – | – | |
| Confused mentality | 1.542 (0.268–8.878) | 0.697 | – | – | |
| Poor functional statusa | 4.250 (1.299–13.910) | 0.012 | 1.050 (0.175–6.288) | 0.957 | |
| ARF due to infectious cause | 1.295 (0.535–3.135) | 0.566 | – | – | |
| DNI status | 12.424 (4.576–33.735) | <0.001 | 3.546 (3.546–52.354) | <0.001 | |
| Bilateral lung infiltrate | 2.820 (0.862–9.226) | 0.078 | – | – | |
| ICU admission | 1.591 (0.675–3.752) | 0.289 | – | – | |
| Intubation at day 28 | 1.371 (0.484–3.886) | 0.551 | – | – | |
| SF48-improved group | 0.265 (0.110–0.636) | 0.002 | 0.462 (0.107–1.988) | 0.299 | |
| Duration of HFNC therapy | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) | 0.892 | – | – | |
| Type of immunocompromised status | |||||
| Othersb | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Solid cancer | 7.111 (1.770–28.570) | 0.006 | 9.195 (0.431–196.189) | 0.155 | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 7.556 (1.684–33.900) | 0.008 | 6.445 (0.256–162.088) | 0.257 | |
| APACHE II | 1.106 (1.004–1.218) | 0.042 | – | – | |
| SAPS II | 1.061 (1.009–1.115) | 0.020 | 0.969 (0.82–1.065) | 0.511 | |
| SOFA | 1.186 (0.985–1.427) | 0.071 | – | – | |
For each variable, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were given. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Risk factors that were determined as significant by univariate analysis (P<0.05) were then subjected to multivariate analysis. a, patients with poor functional status were defined as being bedridden or those who used a wheelchair; b, others were included as stem cell or solid organ transplantation, immunosuppressive therapy including 10 mg prednisone/day for at least 30 days or equivalent or cytotoxic drugs for non-malignant disease or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. BMI, body mass index; HFNC, high flow nasal cannula; ARF, acute respiratory failure; DNI, do-not-intubation; ICU, intensive care unit; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.