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. 2019 Jan 24;19:110. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6384-7

Table 5.

Age-standardised death rates per 100000 population for leading causes of death as estimated from this study and the IHME Global Burden of Disease study for males in Malaysia, 2013

Cause of death Study GBD 2013 % difference
ASDR 95% CI ASDR 95% CI
Ischaemic heart disease 102.7 95.5, 110.2 140.3 129.8, 151.6 36.6%
Cerebrovascular disease 92.1 85.2, 99.4 50.0 44.9, 55.3 −45.7%
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 60.6 54.9, 66.7 23.1 20.3, 26.8 −61.8%
Lower respiratory infections 49.0 44.0, 54.4 52.5 30.7, 63.8 7.1%
Road traffic accidents 42.8 38.6, 47.4 34.5 30.3, 38.4 −19.5%
Diabetes mellitus 34.0 29.9, 38.5 13.9 12.3, 15.7 −59.2%
Lung cancer 22.6 19.2, 26.4 21.3 18.8, 24.4 −5.7%
Colon and rectum cancers 17.6 14.6, 20.9 10.1 8.9, 11.5 −42.6%
Chronic kidney disease 14.1 11.4, 17.0 12.1 10.6, 13.7 −14.5%
Tuberculosis 12.0 9.6, 14.7 7.1 6.1, 8.2 −40.9%

+ ve % difference indicates higher estimate by GBD, −ve % difference indicates lower estimate by GBD