Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical variables in study groups
| Variables | Control (n = 26) | T2DM (n = 53) | CAD (n = 25) | T2DM_CAD (n = 26) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.3 ± 9.4 | 46.5 ± 8.5 | 48.8 ± 6.6 | 51.2 ± 8.2 |
| Gender (male/female) | 15/11 | 28/25 | 24/1 | 23/3 |
| BMI | 25.30 (22.31–28.30) | 26.5 (23.5–29.9) | 25.0 (22.6–26.7) | 25.3 (22.7–26.7) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.3 (121.0–130.6) | 136.2 (127.5–149.6) | 133.0 (123.8–139.0) | 133.0 (112.7–145.4) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.3 (77.6–84.0) | 82.8 (78.2–93.0) | 80.5 (74.7–85.7) | 82.8 (73.4–89.3) |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.4 (5.2–5.7) | 7.9 (7.2–9.1)a | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 8.6 (7.8–9.4)a, b |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 97.0 (88.0–107.0) | 188.0 (150.0–239.2)a | 97.5(83.7–109.7) | 191.5(154.8–256.5)a, b |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 100 (85–117) | 92.5 (80.2–109.0) | 91.5 (81.2–105.2) | 80.5 (66.7–99.0) |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | 4.2 (3.5–5.7) | 4.0 (3.3–4.8) | 4.6 (4.1–6.1) | 4.3 (3.4–5.5) |
| CK-MB (mg/dl) | 20 (16.0–24.0) | 17.0 (13.7–22.0) | 22.5 (19.5–26.7) | 22.5 (20.0–29.5) |
| Smoking history (yes/no) | 4/22 | 13/40 | 10/15 | 16/10 |
| Alcoholic history (yes/no) | 7/19 | 14/39 | 8/17 | 19/6 |
| FRS (%) | 0.9 (0.5–3.8) | 1.5 (0.3–6.7) | 5.2 (2.15–9.3) | 5.3 (2.7–10.7)a |
| ASCVD (%) | 1.9 (0.9–3.9) | 4.0 (2.4–16.4)a | 10 (3–15.1)a | 15.4 (9.3–22.2)a |
| Diabetic duration (years) | – | 2 (1–4) | – | 2 (1–5) |
| Hypertension history | – | 25 | 16 | 14 |
| Patients were on hypertensive drugs | – | 18 | 13 | 14 |
| Patients were on anti-diabetes medication | – | 34 | – | 17 |
| Patients were on anti-platelet and statin therapy | – | – | 25 | 26 |
Data are mean (SD) and median (Q1–Q3) for normally distributed and non-normally distributed variables respectively
BMI Body mass index, FBS fasting blood sugar, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FRS Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score in 10 years, ASCVD estimate risk score for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 10 years. Anti-platelet and Statin therapy was given to the all the patients for the prophylaxis for the CAD event
ap < 0.05 compared to control
bp < 0.05 compared to CAD