Table 1. Summary of orexin measures after repeated stress.

Summary of the literature reporting orexin measures after various repeated stress paradigms (including repeated restraint, social defeat, and unpredictable chronic mild stress). Details concerning the type, duration, and intensity of each stressor are reported, as well as the type and location of the orexin measure, whether it was increased or decreased, and citation for the study.

Stress paradigm	Orexin measure	orexin levels after stress	Citation
Repeated restraint   (30min/day × 5 days)	Levels in CSF Orexin Neuron Activity (Orx/cFos)	Decreased Decreased	Grafe et al., 2017a
Repeated restraint   (2 h/day × 14 days)	Orexin mRNA in Amygdala	Increased	Kim et al., 2015
Repeated social defeat   (Defeat 15 min, sensory contact up to 30 min × 7 days)	Orexin mRNA in LH	Decreased in Resilient Rats compared to Vulnerable Rats	Grafe et al., 2018
Repeated social defeat   (Defeat 5min/day, sensory contact for rest of 24 h × 10 days)	Orexin mRNA in LH	Decreased in Resilient Rats compared to Vulnerable Rats	Chung et al., 2014
Repeated social defeat   (Defeat 30 min/day × 5 days)	Orexin A & B peptide in mPFC, VTA, and LH	Decreased	Nocjar et al., 2012
Repeated social defeat   (Defeat 10 min/day, sensory contact for rest of 24 h × 10 days)	Orexin mRNA in LH Orexin protein in LH	Decreased Decreased	Lutter et al., 2008
Unpredictable chronic mild stress   (alterations in bedding, cage tilt, cage shift (placed in empty cage of another male), restraint stress; randomly ordered × 8 weeks)	Orexin Neuron Activity (Orx/cFos)	Increased	Nollet et al., 2011