Table 2. Summary of orexin measures in stress-related mental illness.

Summary of the literature reporting orexin measures in clinically diagnosed stress-related mental illnesses such as Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Schizophrenia. Details of the type of orexins measured, whether increased or decreased activity was associated with each mental illness, and citations are noted. Csf: cerebrospinal fluid.

Clinical diagnosis	Orexin measures	Orexin activity	Citations
Major depressive disorder	Orexin concentrations in csf, orexin mRNA in blood cells	Hypoactivity in Depression	Brundin et al., 2007; Rotter et al., 2011
	Orexin concentrations in csf, plasma orexin concentrations	Hypoactivity in Depression	Salomon et al., 2003; von der Goltz et al., 2011
	Orexin 1 Receptor Polymorphism	More common in MDD	von der Goltz et al., 2011
Panic disorder	Orexin concentrations in csf	Hyperactivity in Panic Disorder	Johnson et al., 2010
	Orexin 2 Receptor Polymorphism	More common in Panic Disorder	Annerbrink et al., 2011