Figure 4.

X chromosome number and serum testosterone concentration was associated with TLR7 induced IFNα production. Pre- and post-pubertal healthy, transgender, and TUS volunteers were analyzed (n = 128), p-values represent the significance of the coefficient the variable shown as estimated by linear regression after correcting for the other variables in the model (X chromosome number, serum testosterone, and oestradiol). (A) If two X chromosomes were present, a higher % pDC produced IFNα after R848 stimulation (p = 0.003). (B) % pDC IFNα+ after R848 stimulation associated with serum testosterone (p = 0.008) with a significant interaction term between X chromosome number and serum testosterone (p = 0.002) as illustrated, holding oestradiol constant at 5pmol/L. (C) Transgender birth females (p = 0.018) and males (p = 0.047) both had a lower %pDC IFNα+ after R848 stimulation than their chromosomal counterparts when analyzed by ANOVA with post hoc analysis. (D–G) After R848 stimulation, if two X chromosomes were present, PBMC produced more IFNα (p = 0.017) and IFNβ (p = 0.03) with a significant interaction between testosterone and X chromosome number (p = 0.028; p = 0.019 respectively). (H,I) After CpG stimulation, % pDC IFNα+ did not associate with X chromosome number (p = 0.243) but did associate with serum testosterone concentration (p = 0.007). pre F, Pre-pubertal female; post F, Post- pubertal female; Trans F, Transgender birth female; pre M, Pre-pubertal male; post M, Post-pubertal male; Trans M, transgender birth male; TUS, turners syndrome female. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005.