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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Indian Inst Sci. 2018 Sep;98(3):283–300. doi: 10.1007/s41745-018-0081-5

Figure 1.

Figure 1

a, Modes of secondary active transport including uniport (facilitated diffusion), symport and antiport. Direction of ion/substrate flux indicated by arrows. b, Membrane topology and X-ray structures of LacY, LeuT and GltPh. Topologies represent the broad mechanistic classification of transporters.