Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the three ACO definitions.
| SA (n = 83) | COPD-HBR (n = 9) | COPD-Eo (n = 73) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 47 (56.6%) | 8 (88.9%) | 53 (72.6%)§ | 0.035 |
| Age, years | 61.00 [53.00–67.00] | 65.00 [58.50–68.50]* | 66.00 [60.00–72.50]§ | 0.002 |
| Pack-years | 15.00 [4.00–21.00] | 5.00 [2.00–39.00] | 9.00 [3.00–26.50] | 0.374 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Atrial Fibrillation | 9 (10.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 4 (5.5%) | 0.467 |
| Anxiety, No. (%) | 35 (42.2%) | 3 (33.3%) | 20 (27.4%) | 0.155 |
| Osteoporosis | 17 (20.5%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (16.4%) | 0.291 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 16 (19.3%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (6.8%)§ | 0.034 |
| GERD, No. (%) | 12 (14.5%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5.5%) | 0.100 |
| Nasal polyps, No. (%) | 3 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.221 |
| Treatment | ||||
| SABA | 59 (71.1%) | 4 (44.4%) | 28 (38.4%)§ | <0.001 |
| LAMA | 48 (57.8%) | 8 (88.9%) | 52 (71.2%) | 0.067 |
| LAMA-LABA | 4 (4.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 10 (13.7%) | 0.153 |
| ICS | 7 (8.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.4%) | 0.096 |
| LABA-ICS | 71 (85.5%) | 3 (33.3%)* | 33 (45.2%)§ | <0.001 |
| OCS | 35 (42.2%) | 1 (11.1%) | 10 (13.7%)§ | <0.001 |
| Lung function | ||||
| FVC postBD, liters | 3.23 [2.60–3.56] | 3.77 [3.49–4.50]* | 3.22 [2.72–3.81] ♯ | 0.047 |
| FVC postBD,% reference | 88.70 [77.80–97.60] | 89.80 [75.05–98.35] | 87.60 [74.85–99.80] | 0.965 |
| FEV1 postBD, liters | 1.71 [1.31–2.10] | 2.07 [1.43–2.75] | 1.74 [1.29–2.10] | 0.249 |
| FEV1 postBD,% reference | 59.10 [47.80–74.70] | 67.70 [50.70–74.60] | 62.80 [49.35–76.10] | 0.716 |
| FEV1/FVC postBD | 56.40 [43.80–63.10] | 52.90 [46.60–61.70] | 56.60 [46.60–63.90] | 0.958 |
| BDR | <0.001 | |||
| •Negative | 54 (65.1%) | 0 (0%)* | 57 (78.1%)§ | <0.001 |
| •Positive (≥200 ml and ≥12%) | 22 (26.5%) | 0 (0%)* | 16 (21.9%) | <0.001 |
| •Highly-positive (≥400ml and ≥15%) | 7 (8.4%) | 9 (100%)* | 0 (0%)§ | <0.001 |
| Eosinophils count | ||||
| Mean Eos | 0.18 [0.10–0.29] | 0.31 [0.23–0.43]* | 0.37 [0.34–0.49]§ | <0.001 |
| Median Eos | 0.15 [0.09–0.30] | 0.29 [0.24–0.41]* | 0.38 [0.33–0.48]§ | <0.001 |
| Maximum Eos | 0.27 [0.17–0.40] | 0.43 [0.27–0.75]* | 0.49 [0.41–0.69]§ | <0.001 |
| Use of health services | ||||
| ED visits | 1.00 (0–12) | 1.00 (0–7) | 0 (0–6)§ | 0.044 |
| Hosp all cause no. | 1.00 (0–13) | 1.00 (0–4) | 0 (0–3)§ | 0.020 |
| Days of stay (all cause hosp) | 2.00 (0–205) | 5.00 (0–28) | 0 (0–37)§ | 0.022 |
| Resp hosp no. | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2)§ | 0.093 |
| Days of stay (resp hosp) | 0 (0–35) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–9) | 0.095 |
P-Value (Chi-squared or Kruskal-Wallis). Bolded text highlights variables with statistically significant differences (p≤0.05).
*P-value <0.05 between SA and COPD-HBR;
§P-value <0.05 between SA and COPD-Eo;
♯P-value < 0.05 between COPD-HBR and COPD-Eo. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACO: asthma-COPD overlap; HBR: high bronchodilator response; Eo: eosinophil; SABA: short-acting beta agonists LABA: long-acting beta agonists; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; OCS: oral corticosteroids (at least one prescription during the study period); FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1st second; FVC: forced vital capacity; postBD: post-bronchodilator; BDR: bronchodilator response; ED: emergency department; Hosp: hospitalization; Resp hosp: respiratory hospitalization; No: number.