Table 2. Transgenerational effects on developmental time, longevity, adult pre-reproductive period (APRP), total pre-reproductive period (TPRP), total preadult survival rate, and mean fecundity of the succeeding generations after initial adult Myzus persicae 48-h exposed to LC25 of flupyradifurone.
| Biological parameters | Generation | Control | Flupyradifurone LC25 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean ± SEa, b | N | Mean ± SEa, b | ||
| First instar (d) | F1 | 94 | 1.99 ± 0.06bA | 91 | 2.23 ± 0.07aA |
| F2 | 60 | 1.52 ± 0.07aB | 107 | 1.67 ± 0.06aB | |
| Second instar (d) | F1 | 91 | 1.75 ± 0.07aA | 87 | 1.75 ± 0.08aA |
| F2 | 58 | 1.48 ± 0.07aB | 104 | 1.56 ± 0.06aA | |
| Third instar (d) | F1 | 89 | 1.99 ± 0.09aA | 86 | 1.60 ± 0.07bA |
| F2 | 58 | 1.48 ± 0.07aB | 102 | 1.47 ± 0.05aA | |
| Fourth instar (d) | F1 | 87 | 2.24 ± 0.09aA | 85 | 1.56 ± 0.07bA |
| F2 | 56 | 1.77 ± 0.07aB | 99 | 1.68 ± 0.05aA | |
| Pre-adult (d) | F1 | 87 | 7.87 ± 0.19aA | 85 | 7.11 ± 0.10bA |
| F2 | 56 | 6.29 ± 0.11aB | 99 | 6.34 ± 0.07aB | |
| Adult longevity (d) | F1 | 87 | 12.53 ± 0.43aB | 85 | 13.75 ± 0.67aA |
| F2 | 56 | 14.69 ± 0.78aA | 99 | 12.07 ± 0.45bB | |
| Total longevity (d) | F1 | 105 | 17.56 ± 0.72aA | 107 | 17.19 ± 0.88aA |
| F2 | 64 | 18.72 ± 1.02aA | 110 | 17.00 ± 0.57aA | |
| APRP (d) | F1 | 85 | 1.27 ± 0.09aA | 79 | 0.87 ± 0.07bB |
| F2 | 55 | 1.02 ± 0.09aB | 99 | 1.08 ± 0.07aA | |
| TPRP (d) | F1 | 85 | 9.14 ± 0.24aA | 79 | 7.94 ± 0.11bA |
| F2 | 55 | 7.29 ± 0.10aB | 99 | 7.42 ± 0.09aB | |
| Reproductive days (d) | F1 | 87 | 10.02 ± 0.29bB | 85 | 12.08 ± 0.51aA |
| F2 | 56 | 12.29 ± 0.66aA | 99 | 9.98 ± 0.39bB | |
| Total preadult survival | F1 | 105 | 0.83 ± 0.04aA | 107 | 0.79 ± 0.04aB |
| F2 | 64 | 0.87 ± 0.04aA | 110 | 0.90 ± 0.03aA | |
| Fecundity (offspring/female) | F1 | 87 | 26.60 ± 1.32bB | 85 | 35.25 ± 2.19aA |
| F2 | 56 | 39.52 ± 2.73aA | 99 | 32.77 ± 1.63bA | |
a Standard errors (SE) were estimated by using the bootstrap technique with 100,000 re-samplings.
b Significant difference at P < 0.05 between two different treatments and generations were compared with paired bootstrap test implemented in TWOSEX-MSChart. The lower-case letters show significant differences between control and flupyradifurone treatments in the same generation, while the capital letters indicate the significant differences between generations within the same treatment (P < 0.05).